الفهرس 
History Of Bone GraftsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Bone allograft is defined as bone tissue that has been harvested from one individual and implanted into another individual of the same species. Allograft is an attractive alternative to autogenous bone. It is available in unlimited quantities and various shapes that can be tailored to match the bony defects and avoids donor site morbidity. According to bone deficiencies grafts are used as: Particulate grafts to fill cavitary defects or bulk structural grafts to restore structural integrity and support the prosthetic components. Bone as a tissue has four unique biological properties that are critical for successful incorporation which are: Osteogenesis, Osteoclastic resorption, Osteoinduction, and Osteoconduction. Processed allograft bone only possesses the property of osteoconduction. These explain why autograft incorporate faster than allograft bone. The exact nature of the interplay between the immune system and bone physiology has to be determined yet. The ideal situation would be to eliminate antigenicity and maintain biologic activity. Specific complications of massive allografts, namely nonunion, graft fractures and infection. Together, these account for over 85% of all graft failures. In general the eventual role and long term fate of allograft in revision arthroplasties remain to be determined, but short and medium-term survival are encouraging.