الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Skeletal Class III malocclusion could be due to mandibular protrusion, maxillary retrusion or combination of mandibular protrusion and maxillary retrusion. Several appliances have been used for treatment of such cases including; maxillary protraction appliances, mandibular retractors, and functional appliances. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the dentoskeletal effects of Modified Tandem Appliance in management of cases with maxillary retrusion. The study was conducted on 10 female patients. The patients’ selection was done according the following criteria: • Skeletal Class III due to maxillary retrusion (SNA ≤ 80). • Growing patients (7 - 9 years). • No previous orthodontic treatment. • No abnormal oral habits. For all patients the following diagnostic records were made: I. Photographs (intraoral & extraoral). II. Upper and lower casts. III. Radiographs (Lateral Cephalometric, Panoramic and Hand Wrist radiographs). The results of current study revealed that; the Modified Tandem Appliance had skeletal and dental effects. The forward maxillary growth was stimulated however, the mandibular growth was not affected. The maxillomandibular relationship was improved. In addition, the anterior and posterior facial heights were significantly increased, but the mandibular plane angle showed a non significant change. A significant anterior movement and proclination of upper incisors were resulted. While the lower incisors showed a noticeable retroclination. The overjet was significantly improved. On the other hand, the overbite showed a significant decrease. The upper and lower molar relationship was improved. However, the maxillary first molars showed significant mesial movement and the mandibular first molars showed a non significant change. Also, the upper and lower intermolar widths and upper intercanine width showed a significant increase.