الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of the work
Pediatric laparoscopy: basic principlesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Aim of the study: Demonstration of the current indications, techniques, outcomes and complications of the laparoscopic use in the different pediatric urologic disorders. Indications of laparoscopy in pediatric urology includes: Diagnostic for nonpalpable testes, intersex and hernia. Therapeutic for orchiopexy, nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy, uretero-vesical reimplantation, pyeloplasty and bladder augmentation.These procedures can be done using either transperitoneal or retroperitoneal techniques. The incidence of complications has been low in all published series. Conclusion: Laparoscopy is applied more widely in pediatric urology for minimizing postoperative pain and discomfort. And also for short hospital stay and convalescence, decrease intra-abdominal adhesions and maximizing cosmetic outcome. Complications observed during laparoscopy has low incidence and can be avoidable by improvement of the techniques, better equipment, good training, constant learning, and naturally gained experience.