الفهرس 
Birds charactersOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In order to make decision involving the environment and the wildlife it contains, it is necessary to first obtain some ideas of species present, and their characters and abundance. Because Egypt, especially Damietta, is a station for many migratory birds from Europe to south in winter, the interaction and dimorphism of related bird species should be studied to conserve the environment and its contents. The present work was aimed to: survey the bird community of resident and migratory species allover the year in New Damietta region to recognize what are the species of sparrows inhabiting herein and their community and compare between resident and migratory species of sparrows inhabiting New Damietta region using morphometric measurements, physiological measurements, and molecular genetic measurements. Collectively, the present work was aimed to study relationship between genetic, physiologic and morphometric variation among resident and migratory species of sparrows by: (1) relating genomic measures with morphometric “size”, (2) assessing the degree of population differentiation using morphometric and genomic distance measures to delineate causal factors influencing genotypic and, in particular, phenotypic structure, and (3) assessing the degree of migratory adaptation using physiological measurements of sparrows. Although both sparrows have the same evolutionary origin, the modifications of the body size, physiological parameters, and molecular genetic assays are considered as dimorphic adaptation of Spanish Sparrow to the long distance migration and foraging