الفهرس 
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Abstract
This work was planned to highlighting the effects of exposure to some of the organic pollutants such as: alcohols, phenols, hydrocarbons and pesticides on the chromosomal abnormalities both in vitro and in vivo. Also, this study, shows whether such organic pollutants lead to human infertility among Egyptian population or not. In this work, the following was studied: 1.Analysis of history and pedigree construction of each patient and study the environmental and consanguinity effects on the chromosomal integrity. 2.Clinical examinations. 3.Chromosomal abnormalities study using blood lymphocyte culture after addition of organic pollutants (in vitro). 4.Cytogenetic studies using chromosomal culture to determine the chromosomal abnormalities of individuals whose parents were exposed to organic pollutants (in vivo). 5.Determination of the type and count of the sex chromosomes by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using X and Y chromosomes centeromeric probes. The results revealed that It was observed that chromosomal abnormalities of the infertile individuals whose parents were exposed to environmental pollution showed the same chromosomal abnormalities after addition of organic pollutants to the chromosomal culture of the normal individual in vitro. Organic pollutants such as, alcohols, phenols, benzene, toluene, xylene and pesticides have genotoxic effects on human lymphocytes in vivo and in vitro by causing autosomal aberrations as well as sex chromosomal abnormalities which lead finally to infertility. The chromosomal study is important for determination of the type and count of sex chromosomes in individuals with infertility. Cytogenetic vision system must be used to obtain accurate results, because microscopic examination is not sufficient to determine the presence of X and Y chromosomes in cases of infertility. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis is highly recommended and allows accurate diagnosis in the cases of infertility The results of this study suggest the reduction of the use of organic pollutants or at least using of the protective measures.