الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus have the properties of biological pacemaker. Richter, (1965) was the first to localize pacemaker function in the ventral hypothalamus in a series of experiments. These nuclei are clusters of small cells lying dorsal to and usually contiguous with the optic chiasma and lateral or ventrolateral to the optic recess of the third ventricle and immediatly adjacent to it. (Moore-Ede et al., 1983). The present study is evaluation of the abnormalities in the three components of biological rhythm; circadian rhythm (Plasma cortisol level at 8 A.M. and 10 P.M. and sleep wake cycle), ultradian rhythm (QTc interval) and infradian rhythm (menstrual cycle) In patients with hepatic and uraemic encephalopathy. The material of the present study comprised: - (12) cases with hepatic encephalopathy (5 males & 7 females). - (12) cases with uraemic encephalopathy (6 males & 6 females). - (10) control healthy individuals (5 males & 5 females). The patients and controls were of the same age range (25-50 years). Patients were selected from inpatients of medical departments of Mansoura University Hospital and the . controls were healthy volunteers.