الفهرس 
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Abstract
Background. Nosocomial surgical site infections(SSI) result in substantial morbidity, prolongation of the hospital stay. Aim. to elucidate the multi determinant factors which influence the occurrence of postoperative surgical site infection and to identify the pathogens commonly encountered in these infections in Mansoura University Hospital and Oncology Center .Methods. Full clinical evaluation of all patients were done , accordingly they were classified into 70 immunocompetent patients (group A) and 86 immunocompromised patients(group B). They were selected from 930 cases operactomized and admitted to MUH and OC at the time of the study. Microbiological examination of studied patient, hospital personnel and environmental samples were taken. Results. Nosocomial SSI in the immunocompromised patients are of higher incidence compared to the immunocompetent patients . Personal characteristics of the patients like age and gender has no influence on occurrence of SSI. Also , the increasing amount of daily intravenous fluid intake, associated urinary or respiratory tract infection, preoperative hair shaving, type of disinfectant used or the number of suction drain application . Preoperative hospital stay, total leukocytic count, operation length, increasing daily amount of intravenous blood intake, were found to be associated with the incidence of postoperative SSI in both of studied groups. In immunocompromised patients , the time of prophylactic antibiotic administration, the frequency of daily dressing, the number of suture material were found to be associated with increased incidence of postoperative SSI . Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacilli were the most common isolated pathogens encountered in nosocomial SSI of the studied patients. Staph. aureus carriers were reported in18.3% of hospital personnels in either hands (6.7% ) or in nose (11.6% ). Bacterial growth was found in 5.8% of environmental samples and the most common isolate was Staph. aureus.