الفهرس 
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Abstract
The comparative ultrastrucutral study of the spermatozoa of Paramhpistomum microbothrium, Carmyerius gregarious, Moniezia expansa and Ascaris vitulorum were accounted. The former two species studied follow the generally accepted scheme of other trematode species. They possess two axonemes of 9 + ?1? pattern typical of parasitic platyhelminths, one mitochondrion a variable array of cortical microtubules and electrondense nucleus. However, P. microbothrium sperm has ovoidal nucleus and ovoidal mitochondria. On the other hand, that of C. gregarious has long slender nucleus and mitochondrion. The mature M. expansa spermatozoon follows the basic characteristics of other cestode species. It exhibits crestedlike body, granules of glycogen cortical microtubules, and axoneme. The axoneme of the 9 + ?1? pattern and located centrally and lacks a periaxonemal sheath. The nucleus is a compact and irregular cord coiled in a spiral around the axoneme. The spermatozoon of A. vitulorum is unusual. It is ovoid and aflagellate. It has arrowhead nucleus and a centriole of 10 singlet microtubules. It moves by lamellipodium