الفهرس 
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Abstract
on Muskmelons seedling using artificial inoculation with fungal pathogens. The results brief as follows: Laboratory and greenhouse trails were conducted to find the effect of some antagonistic fungi on some soilborne fungal pathogenic; R.solani, F.solani, F.oxysporum f.sp.melonis, S.sclerotiorum, and F.moniliforme. Through screening in Petri dishes, were also the effect of some plant extracts and essential oils. Other treatments for finding the effect of some biofertilizers (greenhouse) were also conducted. Greenhouse investigation was done6.1. Laboratory experiments: 6.1.1. Effect of certain antagonistic fungi on radial growth of some soilborne fungal pathogens: 1T.viride had the highest antagonistic against all tested fungi. This ranged between 50.4 % S.sclerotiorum to 80.8% F.oxysporum. f.sp.melonis , when compared with untreated control, and covered all plate with R.solani, F.solani and F.oxysporum. f.sp.melonis approximately. 2 C.minitans was highly inhibiting to growth of S.sclerotiorum and R.solani by 72.7 % and 62.2%, also destroyed the sclerotia of S.sclerotiorum. It was low inhibiting of F.moniliforme, F.solani and F.oxysporum. f.sp.melonis giving 20.6, 26.4 and 47.3 % respectively. 3 G.virens was significantly decreased the radial growth of all tested fungi which ranged between 33.5% (F.solani) to 60% (F.oxysporum. f.sp.melonis). 6.1.2. Effect of some plant sources on radial growth of some soilborne fungal pathogens. 1The extract of Cinnamon (C.zeylanicum) had the highest antifungal activity against all tested fungi. It inhibition rate to the fungal growth ranged between 21.1% (on F.moniliforme) to 75.3 %( on R.solani) , when compared with untreated control. 2Fenugreek (T.foenumgraceaum) extract had slightly effective of S.sclerotiorum, F.moniliforme, F.solani, F.oxysporum. f.sp.melonis and R.solani giving 13.6, 21.1, 25.2, 33.2 and 43.5 % respectively. ?3Eucalyptus (E.globulus) extract had a moderate growth inhibition of all tested fungi ranged between 23.5 % on F.moniliforme and 47.8 % on S.sclerotiorum. 4 The extract of Rocket (E.sativa) had low effect of all tested fungi giving 15.1 % on S.sclerotiorum and 42.8% on R.solani 5Garlic (A.sativum) had positive effect of all tested fungi ranged between 23 %( F.moniliforme) and 46 % on R.solani. 6.1.3. Effect of some essential oils on radial growth of some soilborne fungal pathogens: 1The Onion (A.cepa) oil was highly effective growth inhibitor against of all tested fungi (100%) at 1.5 % except S.sclerotiorum (72.5% reduction), when compared with untreated control. 2Nigella (N.sativa) oil significantly decreased the radial growth of all tested fungi ranged from 12 % on F.moniliforme to 72.2% S.sclerotiorum. 3 The oil of Eucalyptus (E.globulus) highly inhibiting the growth of all tested fungi (100% reduction) except F.oxysporum. f.sp.melonis (78.3% reduction). 6.1.4. Effect of some plant extracts on spore germination. 1 The extract of Cinnamon (C.zeylanicum) strongly inhibiting spore germination of all tested fungi ranged from 96 % on F.moniliforme to 97.4 % on F.oxysporum. f.sp.melonis 2Fenugreek (T.foenumgraceaum) was low inhibition on spore germination of F.oxysporum. f.sp.melonis and F.solani by 13.3 and 22.2%, while it strongly effective on F. moniliforme (91.8%). 3 The extract of Eucalyptus (E.globulus) gave adequate inhibition against spore germination of F.moniliforme (77.8 %) and fair inhibition against spore germination of F.solani (33.8%) and F.oxy. f.sp.melonis (23 %). 4 The extract of Rocket (E.sativa) strongly inhibited spore germination of F.oxysporum. f.sp.melonis by 96.2%, while it inhibited spore germination of F.solani by 91.8%, and F.moniliforme by 60 %. 5Garlic (A.sativum) extract prevented 98.2% of F.solani spores to germinate and 93% of F.oxy. f.sp.melonis, while it showed moderate inhibition of the spore germination of F.moniliforme by 84%. 6.1.5. Effect of some essential oils on spore germination. 1The oil of Onion (A.cepa) was strongly inhibited spore germination of the three fungi tested by 100%. 2Nigella (N.sativa) oil significantly inhibited spore germination of F.oxysporum. f.sp.melonis, F.moniliforme and F.solani with 77, 82 and 88.8 % respectively. 3The oil of Eucalyptus (E.globulus) prevented 100% of F.solani and F.moniliforme spore to germinate, while it strongly inhibited spores germination of F.ox.f.sp.melonis with92%. 6.2. Greenhouse experiments: 1T.viride produced 100% living plants number of the three hybrids, which infested with the three fungi tested when compared with untreated controls. 2G.virens was the most effective against dampingoff disease caused by F.solani (100% living plants number), while it gave 88.9% control of disease caused by R.solani and F.oxysorum.f.sp.melonis. 3C.minitans was slightly inhibiting of dampingoff disease caused by all tested fungi on the three hybrids. 4 Cinnamon (C.zeylanicum) extract had highest inhibiting effects on dampingoff disease (100% living plants number) caused by F.solani and R.solani, while it gave 88.9% on F.ox.f.sp.melonis. 5Eucalyptus (E.globulus) extract decreased the dampingoff disease caused by all tested fungi (88.9% living plants number) on the three hybrids. 6 Nigella (N.sativa) oil had slight inhibition of dampingoff all tested fungi (77.8 to 88.9% living plants number). 7The oil of Onion (A.cepa) highly effective against dampingoff disease caused of all tested fungi (100% living plants number) on the three hybrids. 8 Eucalyptus (E.globulus) oil had highest inhibition effects on dampingoff disease caused by F.solani and R.solani giving 100% living plants number and 88.9% on F.ox.f.sp.melonis when compared with controls. 9All biofertilizers caused slight inhibition to dampingoff disease caused by all tested fungi. 10 Topsin had highest inhibition effects on dampingoff disease by 100 living plants number. 11 Thiram gave 88.9% inhibition to dampingoff disease caused by all tested fungi ranged between 88.89% on F.oxysporum f.sp.melonis and 100 % on R.solani