الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hepatitis, usually viral in origin, is an inflammation of the liver that causes damage to the liver acini and destruction of the organ’s architecture. The term viral hepatitis can describe either a clinical illness or the histological findings associated with the disease. Acute infecton with a hepatitis virus may result in conditions ranging from subclinical disease to self-limited symptomatic disease or even fulminant hepatic failure. Five major hepatotropic viruses cause the majority of clinical cases of viral hepatitis. These are hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and hepatitis E virus (HEV). Infrequent causes of viral hepatitis include adenovirus, cytomegalovirus ,Epstein-Barr virus, and rarely, herps simplex virus infection. Vertical transmission may occur from carrier mother to newborn babies during delivery where the majority of infant infections are aquired during exposure to infectious maternal blood at delivery, where as transmission through breast milk has not been documented. Several risk factors have been proposed as determinants in mother to infant hepatitis virus transmission, including maternal co-infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), maternal viral titre, mode of delivery, breast feeding, and viral genotype. Laboratory assays that are available for the diagnosis and management of hepatitis virus infection include serologic tests to detect hepatitis viruses antibodies, molecular tests to detect and quantitate hepatitis viruses RNA, and genotyping techniques..