الفهرس 
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Abstract
Abstract: Malignant transformation of a cell is multistep process involving multiple genetic alterations, activation of several oncogenes and loss of one or more suppressor genes. p53 (a tumor suppressor gene) is the most common target of genetic alteration and homologous loss of this gene is found in many cancers including breast cancer. Formation of tumor mass by clonal expansion of a transformed cell is influenced by many factors as doubling time of tumor cells and host response as angiogenesis under the effect of angiogenic factors. Pu Purpose: Study of the role of p53 and vascularity as detected by factor VIII in carcinogenesis of breast carcinoma and the diagnostic and prognostic value of p53 and factor VIII in breast carcinoma. Also, study the value of p53 in detection of lymph node metastasis. Material and Methods: The present study is a retrograde study performed on 40 selected specimens of radical mastectomy obtained from the Pathology department in Mansoura Faculty of Medicine on basis of considerably neoplastic presentation and paraffin blocks available for recut and examination. They are examined and diagnosed by routine histopathological method and immunohistochemical study for p53 product and factor VIII Results: Most cases were in the age group between 41 and 55 years of age in premenopausal women. Tumors with a larger size have more percentage of axillary metastasis. p53 gene product was found in 60% of all breast carcinomas. The nuclear p53 positivity was found to be significantly more frequent in higher grade than low grade breast carcinomas p = 0.037*. Larger tumors, the high grade tumors and tumors with high stage showed higher microvessel counts. The microvessel count of the p53 positive group was higher than those of the negative group. Conclusion: p53 expression may be used as a practical new prognostic marker. Intratumor microvessel density may contribute additional prognostic information to that obtained from the known risk factors and may be helpful in identifying breast carcinoma at high risk of disease progression. So, it is recommended to search for angiogenic index and tumor suppressor gene product especially p53, which may have several potential clinical applications beyond their use for prognosis.