الفهرس 
introduction and aim of workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Stroke is the most common life threatening neurological disease 1 and is the third leading cause of death in the United States and many other countries, after heart disease and cancer. Space occupying (malignant) cerebral infarctions is that infarction involving the territory of the middle cerebral artery or the middle cerebral artery and the anterior cerebral artery and/or the posterior cerebral artery, have a fatal outcome in the majority of cases. So acute treatment and maximum intensive care should be applied as early as possible before the irreversible damage occur and to save live of those patients. The associated cytotoxic brain edema with subsequent rise of ICP is the most dangerous complication of any brain damage, the subsequent transtentorial herniation is the most leading cause of death in those patients. Controlled passive hyperventilation has long been used in the treatment of increased intracranial pressure by production of hypocapnia and hence vasoconstriction of cerebral blood vessels due to serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) alkalosis.