الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study icluded 80 cases of primary esotropia at age group 3-12 years they were classified into 3 groups: *Unilateral esotropia without amblyopia (25 cases) *Unilateral esotropia with amblyopia (20 cases) * Alternating esotropia(3 5cases) they managed by spectacles ,occlusion and orthoptics. -Spectacles provided orthotropia and stereopsis iri26 cases. -Occlusion improved VA in all amblyopic cases ,2 cases reached to 6/6. -Orthoptics provided orthotropia with stereopsis in 6 cases. So, non surgical management succeeded in 33 cases (40%out of 80 cases) reached to orthotropia and stereopsis. CONCLUSIONS Management of esotropia must be functional and cosmetic. Early diagnosis and rapid correction are important for good results. Spectacles must be prescribed for all ametropic esotropes. Occlusion is mandatory for all amblyopic cases. Orthoptics provide good binocular vision with orthotropia but this needs • Visual acuity at least 6/18. • Angle 0f squintless than 10 degrees. • Home vision training and office vision training. • Cooperative patient. • Good compliance. VIVA is easy, accurate, and rapid method for diagnosis of strabismus. CAM vision stimulator, cheiroscope, and synoptophore are : successful orthoptic procedures but must be accompanied good compliance and home vision training. I Surgery is considered as a complementary nonsurgical methods fail to improve the cosmesis. So, do rush in surgery in management of primary esotropia.