الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study is carried on 52 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma selected ’:rom Gastroenterology Center Mansoura University. All cases are subjected to a panel of markers to detect a group of proteins involved In hepatocarcinogenesis. Paraffin embedded-formalin fixed specimens ire used in this study with application of avidin-biotin immunohistochemical metiods using DAB as chromogene. The results are summarized as follow: • ” Summary & conclusions 1. Hepatocellular carcinoma in our locality shows different ages and sex distribution than in other countries. Our cases show relatively younger age, more association with cirrhosis than those of intermediate zone. This may reclassify our locality as higher incidence zone. 2. All our patients are advanced BCC and show pathological changes mainly cirrhosis. This reflects the premalignant potential of these conditions. 3. The association with virus hepatitis is clearly delineated especially with HBV. It seems to have a direct oncogenic action with close relation to HBxAg. 4. Hepatitis C virus positive patients show close association with cirrhosis and different sets of genes. This reflects indirect carcinogenic effects that are related to necroproliferative lesions especially cirrhosis. 5. Study of the role of genes in hepatocarcinogenesis is essential for our t understanding of cancer and plain therapeutic modalities in the future. Carcinogenesis involves multiple sets of genes that involved in cell division, differentiation, apoptosis and DNA repair. These genetic changes seem to pass through many minor steps passing through chronic hepatitis then cirrhosis with associated mild deviation of normal genes. The alternative short pathway involves interference with a master gene product is p53 that may be induced by HB V. 6. The p53 is considered as policeman of genome and has a major role in ” hepatocarcinogenesis. It is clear that interference of p53 is essential sep in early and late hepatocarcinogenesis.