الفهرس 
Introduction & Aim of The WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SLE is a multisystem disease of unknown etiology with variable Course and prognosis and marked tendency to exacerbation and remissron The disease lS characterized by immunological aberrations with disturbed T celllB cell interaction that give rise to excessive autoantibody production (Gladman and UroWitz, 1998) The judgelnent of whether a patient with SLE is going better or worse lS a central question in patient management. However, it is difficult to measure clinical activity in a multisystem disease as SLE because many organs can be involved simultaneously and the corresponding symptoms are not easy to quantitY. Such diversity has generally complicated the particular problem of developing a useful test which can provide a useful guide to assess fluctuations in disease activity (Liang et aI., 1991). Neopterin is a biochemical marker for the activation of cellular immune response. Increased neopterin levels was demonstrated in acute viral, intracellular bacterial and protozoal infection, autoimmune diseases and certain malignant diseases.