الفهرس 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This review discusses the definition of geriatric period and the physiological changes which occur, during this natural era of life in different body systems as regards, the impact of aging on these systems such as, the gastrointestinal tract by its constituents including the oral cavity, oesophagus, stomach, hepatobiliary system, duodenum, pancreas, small intestine and colorectum. - The cardiovascular changes during aging as regards, the efficacy of cardiac performance, ECG changes and the state of the coronary arteries. - The changes which occur in the respiratory system due to aging. - The neurological changes which accompany the aging process with certain recommendations for the elderly. - The renal function in the elderly as regards, creatinin clearance and acid base balance. Moreover, it discusses the immunological changes in the elderly and the resulting problems and how they can be managed. Beside, the haematological changes in the elderly as regards, increased liability to be anaemic and increased susceptibility to infections and increased demand for blood transfusion. •