الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The pronouncement ”Once a caesarean, always a caesarean has become one of the most important controversies in the field of obstetrics, the main factors leading to this controversy are, in one hand, the dramatic increase of caesarean section rate up to 20% of all deliveries in the last few years with repeat caesarean section being a main cause of this increase and changes in the type of uterine incision combined with advances in technology which allows continuous and accurate monitoring of the mother and foetus during labour. On the other hand, there are increased safety of caesarean section operations due to advances in anaesthesia and proper use of antibiotics and increased concern with perinatal morbidity and mortality to deliver a child without any damage. There are two major types of uterine incision and other rare varieties: upper uterine segment incision which is mainlY vertical (Classic) or rarelY transverse and lower uterine segment incision which is mainly transverse but may be vertical. There is also extraperitoneal caesarean section which is considered an anachronism thanks to modern antibiotics.