الفهرس 
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Abstract
Menopause is permanent cessation of menstruation.It may be physiologic, premature or artificial. Physiologic Menopause is the permanent menopause occurs either late in the fourth or early in the fifth decade of life. perment menopause is the spontaneous cessation of m~nses before the age 40. Artificalmenopause is the permanent cessation of ovarian function brought about surgical removal of the ovaries or by radiation. Menopause is associated with several changes:- 1 -Endocrine changes : a) Androgenes: In premenopausal women,plasma androstenedione is approximately 1.5 ng/ml, about half of which comes frem Plasma testosterone is about 0.3 ng/m1 and it arises from ovarian and adrenal secretion and the peripheral conversion of androstenedione. Mean are dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels are approximately 4ng/ml and 1600 ng/ml respectively. In postmenopausal women ,the meanplasma androstenedione concentration is reduced by at least one-half to approximately 0.6 ng/ml.