الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate serum cholecystokinin levels ill diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy and correlate these levels with gallbladder function in these patients. The study comprised 19 patients having type I diabetes with ages ranging from 19 to 59 years and 7 healthy subjects of matched age and sex as control group. All patients were subjected to thorough history taking and clinical examination with stress on weight, height, blood pressure determination, signs of peripheral neuropathy, and autonomic function tests, for example: Valsalva ratio, heart rate variation during deep breathing, immediate heart rate response from lYing to standing, increase in diastolic blood pressure during sustained hand grip and postural hypotension. According to a scoring system the diabetic patients were classified to 12 diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy (Score >5) and 7 diabetic patients without autonomic neuropathy (score = 0-2). The following investigations were done, fasting and postprandial serum glucose levels, liver function tests (bilirubin, AL T), fasting and postprandial serum CCK levels, and abdominal ultrasonography for evaluation of fasting and postprandial gallbladder volume by the following equation.