الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION AND AIM OF THE WORKOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Clinical Picture in Chronic Renal Failure The underlying causes of chronic renal failure in the present series of patients (HD and NHD groups) were obstructive in 25% of cases, preuremic hypertension in 14%, pyelonephritis in 10% and 50/0 due to lupus erythematosis, vasculitis or polycystic kidney. In the remaining 33.3% of cases, the underlying eteology(s) of CRF could not be discovered. It should be clear that diabetic patients with CRF were excluded from this study for homogenicity of material selection. The major clinical manifestations observed in the present series of patients with CRF, appeared to represent the effect of uremic toxins. The gastrointestinal manifestations (anore x ia, nausea and vomiting) commonly induced malnutrition and loss of lean tissue. Moreover, the malnutrition, hematamesis and melena induced iron deficiency. The sense of well being and physical fitness (apetite, exercise tolerance, work capacity) were much reduced but more in NHD group. Pruritis of variable magnitude up to scratches was observed in many cases particulary those not receiving hemodialysis. Abnormalities in sexual function were very frequent in patients with advanced renal failure. Almost all CRF patients had subnormal sexual desire and/ or performance. Gynecomastia without galactorrhoea was found in one case only. In this study, 2 cases had hyperparathyroidism with high serum parathormone levels. One of them had parathyroid nodule. Hypertension in the present series of CRF patients was either a cause or a consequence of chronic renal failure.