الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was conducted on 40 adult female patients subjected to laparoscopic gynaecological procedures to evaluate the effect of preoperative administration of epidural bupivacaine and morphine on the intraoperative hemodynamic profile and postoperative pain. These patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups, 20 patients each, A and B. In group B but not in group A a mixture of 10ml bupivacaine, 2mg morphine and 8ml saline was administered epidurally before induction of general anesthesia. Both groups were premeditated with intravenous midazolam 0.05 mg/Kg and atropine 0.2 mg. Anesthesia was induced with thiopentone 5 mg/Kg and maintained with N20: 02 (2:1) and flu thane 0.5%. Suxamethonium /Kg was used to facilitate tracheal intubation and pipecuroniLUn to maintain muscle relaxation. Ventilation of the patient was controlled with manipulation of minute volume to keep PETC02 in the range of 30-40 lrunHg. Infused fluid was a mixture of Glucose 5% and Ringer’s solution in a ratio of 1:2 and rate of infusion was adjusted to infuse 10mllKg in the first hour, 8 ml/Kg in the second hour and 6 mlIKg in the third hour. Monitoring of the patient included ECG, non-ll1VaSIVe blood pressure, pulse oximetry and capnography.