الفهرس 
Definition of biochar and its feedstockOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The study conducted between 2020 and 2023 at Menofia University in Egypt
aimed to convert organic wastes like sugarcane bagasse and olive mill waste into
biochar. Two biochar fractions were used, regular and nano, and activated with
ZnCl2 and KOH. The study aimed to determine how these biochars affected soil
chemical characteristics and nutrient content, as well as plant growth and the vital
nutrients and trace elements it contained. An incubation experiment was conducted
to assess the effects of biochars derived from these wastes on CO2 efflux from
soils. The results showed that nano-scale biochars have different features than bulk
biochars, indicating potential differences in environmental impact. The study also
clarified the chemical activation mechanism of KOH during biomass pyrolysis,
providing new information about possible reactions involving KOH and oxygencontaining
groups. The study suggests that sugarcane bagasse is a more viable raw
material for biochar production than olive mill waste, potentially leading to more
efficient and sustainable biochar use.
The study explores the characteristics of nano biochar, a type of biochar
with higher moisture content, organic matter, inorganic residue, and solid carbon
than bulk biochar. Its properties include larger surface area, increased functional
groups, enhanced mechanical and thermal stability, and negative zeta potentials.
The nanostructure of nano biochar is useful in various applications, such as
pollutant removal or enhancing material properties. The study also investigates
the chemical modification of biochars, specifically using sugarcane bagasse and
olive mill waste biochar.