الفهرس 
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Abstract
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the most common surgical complications that causes prolonged hospital stay as SSIs increase hospital stay by 7-12 days and increase risk of readmission with 60% increased risk of admission to intensive care unit, in addition to increase hospital costs and higher incidence of mortality.(10) According to World Health Organization (WHO) in 2023, surgical site infection concern 2 million cases annually nd the overall incidence of SSI was 2.7%. The highest incidence was reported in the African Region, where the lowest incidence was reported in the Western Pacific Region. (12) The term surgical site infections (SSIs) was introduced in 1992 to replace the previous term surgical wound infection.(11)