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Abstract The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate and compare the antibacterial effect of 13% Ethanolic grape seeds extract versus 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite solutions by passive ultrasonic irrigation and conventional syringe irrigation technique microbiologically by counting of E. faecalis& S. mutans in primary mandibular first molars • . Material and methods: Sixty lower primary first molars were selected for this study and collected from Outpatient Dental Clinic, Pediatric Dental Department Faculty of Dentistry Suez Canal University. Each molar was sectioned at the furcation area into two separate mesial and distal roots, only distal canals were included in this study. The selected sixty distal roots were divided randomly into two groups according to infected bacteria as follows: group (I): 30 distal roots infected with E.facials ,and it sub- divided into 5 subgroups according to irrigation techniques and types of irrigants . -Subgroup IA (6 roots): (Negative control)will be infected with E. faecalis no irrigation -Subgroup IB (6roots): (positive control group ). Conventional Syringe irrigation technique with 5.25%(NaOCl) solution. -Subgroup IC (6 roots): Conventional Syringe irrigation technique with13% Ethanolic (GSE) solution. -Subgroup ID(6roots) : Passive ultrasonic irrigation with 5.25%(NaOCl) solution. -Subgroup IE(6 roots): Passive ultrasonic irrigation with 13% Ethanolic(GSE) Solution. Summary 85 group (II): 30 distal roots infected with S.mutans ,and it will be sub-divided into 5 subgroups according to irrigation technique and types of irrigants . -Subgroup IIA (6 roots): (Negative control)will be infected with S.mutans no irrigation -Subgroup IIB (6roots): (positive control group ) Conventional Syringe irrigation technique with 5.25%(NaOCl) solution . . -Subgroup IIC (6 roots): Conventional Syringe irrigation technique with13% Ethanolic (GSE ) solution. -Subgroup IID(6roots) : Passive ultrasonic irrigation with 5.25% (NaOCl) solution. -Subgroup IIE(6 roots): Passive ultrasonic irrigation with 13% Ethanolic (GSE) solution • To evaluate the efficiency of irrigation solutions: - After the appropriate incubation period for the samples after washing, the plates were examined and growth was observed on the plates. Each plate was divided into 4 equal squares and the number of bacteria for one square was counted and then multiplied by 4 to estimate the total number of bacterial cells in the plate. -The number and percentage of positive cultures (turbidity) and the number of complete platelets for each sample were collected, recorded, and tabulated, and subjected to statistical analysis. Summary 86 • Results : -A 13% GSE solution showed an antibacterial effect against E.facealis and S.mutans, but to a lesser extent than a 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution. - Within the limits of the results of this study, it was found that 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution is the best in antibacterial effect. - It was also found that there is no significant difference in the results when using conventional syringe irrigation or passive ultrasonic irrigation technique |