الفهرس 
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Abstract
In this study, a total of 100 fecal samples from
different poultry farms (broilers & layers) that suffer from
diarrhea, and pasty vent in the Sharkia government during
the period from January 2022 to March 2022,
bacteriological examination of 100 fecal samples revealed
35% E.coli, 5% Proteus mirabilis, 4% Proteus Vulgaris,
6% Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 5% Staph aureus, 2%
klebsiella pneumoniae, 1% Aerococcus viridans and some
mixed bacteria 10% E.coli +Proteus spp., 6% E.coli
+Staph aureus, 2% E.coli +P. aeruginosa.
In vitro, E.coli isolates were resistant to tetracycline
and gentamicin, 90% of isolates were resistant to
ampicillin, and 70% of isolates were resistant to
ciprofloxacin, and 60% of isolates were resistant to
Cefoxitin. All isolates were susceptible to imipenem and
70 % of isolates were susceptible to tigecycline. Also
Proteus spp. isolates were resistant to tetracycline,
gentamicin and trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole, 77.8% of
isolates were resistant to ceftazidime, cefotaxime and
Cefoxitin, and 44.4% of isolates were resistant to
Ampicillin. 55.6 % of isolates were susceptible to
Aztreonam. However, P.aeruginosa isolates were resistant
to tetracycline, gentamicin and Trimethoprim/
sulfamethoxazole, 90% of isolates were resistant to
Ampicillin, and 83.3% of isolates were resistant to
Ceftazidime and Cefotaxime. All isolates were susceptible
to Imipenem and Aztreonam, and 90 % of isolates were
susceptible to Tigecycline. Also, K.pneumoniae isolates
were resistant to gentamicin and Trimethoprim/
sulfamethoxazole,50% of isolates were resistant to
Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin and Tetracycline. All
isolates were susceptible to Aztreonam and 50 % of
isolates were susceptible to Imipenem and one strain of
Aerococcus viridans isolate was resistant to tetracycline,
penicillin, meropenem and ceftriaxone. E.coli isolates
were subjected to PCR assay for detection of virulence
genes (stx1, stx2 and eaeA ) and the obtained results
revealed that 5 E.coli isolates positive for stx1 with a
prevalence 50%, 4 E.coli isolates positive for stx2 with a
prevalence 40%,3 E.coli isolates positive for eaeA with a
prevalence 30%. E.coli isolates were subjected to PCR
assay for detection of antibiotic resistance genes ESBL
(blaTEM,blaCTX-M and blaSHV),ampC genes (blaCMY,
blaDHA), Quinolones (qnrA), Aminoglycoside (aadA1),
Tetracycline (tetA)and Sulfonamide (sul1) and the
predominant antibiotic gene among ESBLs-E.coli was
blaTEM gene and only one isolate was positive for MBL
genes, and 60% of isolates were positive for both blaDHA
and blaFOX and 100% of isolates were positive for tetA(A)
and aadA1 genes, 70% of isolates were positive for qnrA
gene, and 50% of isolates were positive for sul1 gene.
While blaCTXM gene was the predominant antibiotic gene
among ESBLs and blaVIM-1 gene was the predominant
antibiotic gene among MBL genes, and blaDHA gene was
the predominant antibiotic gene among ampC in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and
Proteus mirabilis.