الفهرس 
Chemiluminescence immunoassayOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified the ’2019 new coronavirus,’ or ’COVID-19,’ as the primary cause of the current pneumonia epidemic, which began in early December 2019 in Wuhan City Hubei Province, China(Hui et al., 2020).Within two months, the virus rapidly spread to other regions and countries(Reiter et al., 2020).More than 180 million people have been infected, and 3.9 million people have died as a result of the pandemic, which has spread to 220 nations worldwide(WHO 2021). On the 14th of February 2020, Egypt reported the discovery of the first case of corona virus illness 2019 (COVID-19)(WHO 2020).
CoV is a wide family of viruses that cause diseases ranging from mild colds to more severe diseases, such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). On 11th February 2020, the International Committee for Virus Taxonomy released a statement confirming the formal name for the novel virus: ” SARS-CoV2”(Fung et al., 2020).
Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) of respiratory specimens is the gold standard test for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection.
There are three different types of samples for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, the appropriate selection of specimens is important for diagnosing COVID-19.
The World Health Organization recommended nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs as respiratory specimens for COVID-19 diagnosis(Chen et al., 2020a).
Nasopharyngeal swab has some disadvantages, such as they may represent a significant risk for healthcare workers and patient discomfort. In addition, some studies have shown a high false-negative rate for SARS-CoV-2 (Khatri et al., 2021).
An induced sputum sample is an easy, more comfortable sample than a nasopharyngeal swab and may be an alternative for detecting SARS-COV-2.
SARS-CoV-2 RNA had previously been reported in some studies to be more readily detected in induced sputum than in nasopharyngeal swabs of some patients with COVID-19. Therefore, to further assess the potential superiority of induced sputum over nasopharyngeal swabs, some multi-center cross-sectional studies are conducted to evaluate the effect and safety of using induced sputum for SARS-CoV-2 detection(Han et al., 2020b)