الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
On the basis of previously described facts about the morphological complexity
of the pulp space and different properties of the obturation materials and
techniques .The present study aimed to evaluate the adaptation of CeraSeal and
AH-plus as a sealer material to dentin walls and the gutta-percha using two
different obturation techniques cold lateral compaction and warm vertical
compaction by scanning electron microscope.
Sixty human single rooted mandibular premolar teeth freshly extracted for
periodontal or orthodontic reasons with single straight root canals type I
Vertucci’s classification were selected.
Teeth were disinfected, cleaned, and kept in saline until use. Decoronation
was done for standardization purposes at fixed length measured from tooth apex
to be 16 mm. After that all teeth were stored in sodium azide 2% solution for
sterilization purposes.
The mechanical preparation of the canal was completed by TruNatomy
rotary file system up to 35# taper 0.04 master apical file. The canals were irrigated
by NaOCl 5.25% and EDTA 17 %.
Roots were randomly and equally divided into two groups according to the
type of sealer used in root canal obturation (n=30), group 1: obturation by AHplus sealer and group 2: obturation by CeraSeal sealer.
Each group was further subdivided into 2 subgroups according to the obturation
technique used either CLC or WVC (n=15).
After obturation the teeth were kept moist and stored in an incubator for 1
week at 37 c to ensure complete setting of the sealer. Roots were sectioned
horizontally at the apical, middle and coronal thirds to be evaluated under the
scanning electron microscope. All sections were imaged at different
magnification that allows complete visualization of the canal and dentin wall.
Summary
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Then the total voids area to the canal lumen area percentage was calculated using
image J software.
Our results showed statistical significance difference (p=0.05) between gap
(percentage) in AH Plus sealer and CeraSeal sealer, with reduced mean gap
among Ceraseal (0.650.36) and mean gap among AH plus was (0.860.48).
Regarding obturation techniques, the gap (percentage) in Warm Vertical and Cold
lateral compactions were (0.560.37), and (0.950.51), respectively with
statistical significance difference in the two sealer groups.
There was none statistical significance difference regarding Coronal,
middle, and apical in warm vertical compaction and cold lateral compaction in
Ceraseal. However, there was a statistical difference between these groups among
AH plus and warm vertical compactions.
Results showed that CeraSeal is better adapted to the dentin wall and gutta-percha
than AH-plus however, no sample showed gap free interface. Warm vertical
compaction technique influences the adaptation quality of both types of sealer
than the cold lateral compaction.