الفهرس 
الفصل الأول الإطار العام البحثيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Progress in various scientific fields has led to the subjection of all modern capabilities to scientific research and experimentation in order to benefit from them in the service of sports. The use of modern aids in the field of sports is no longer a complementary form to the educational and training system, but rather has become an important part of ensuring its success.
Zaki Hassan (2004) points out that the applied field of biomechanics in the field of sports and physical education aims to analyze all sports movements in order to understand the techniques of the various scientific systems and procedures, and thus be able to build well the movements. It is also concerned with training the movements, relying on comparative research. (11:37)
“Saleh Mahmoud” (2011) believes that the goalkeeper in football is the last line of defense for the team, and this characteristic makes him a great responsibility to himself and the public, who are not merciful to any goal that enters his goal. The law of the game gives an additional skill to the goalkeeper, as he is the only player who is allowed to use his hands inside. The penalty area and his high and good performance can secure victory for his team, as he is the main player on the goal line more than any other player. (15:35)
According to Mukhtar Salem (2015), the goalkeeper is the detector of the opposing team’s attacking activity and the tracker of all its defense movements. He had to alert his team’s defense to areas of danger and guide them to fill the gaps that might result in a certain injury. Not all that is required of the goalkeeper, as many of us mistakenly believe, is to block balls that head towards his goal, but what is required of him is to benefit his team from every ball that reaches his hands or feet. (33:29)
Ibrahim Shaalan and Ahmed Nagy (2016) confirm that the goalkeeper’s tasks and duties go beyond performing basic and technical skills to include the tactical aspects as well, both offensive and defensive. In the event of play, he moves around the goal with the location of the ball, exits his goal, directs his defenders, and begins organizing attacks. (1:143)
Research problem:
As the researcher, being a player, coach, and performance analyst through his follow-up of the World Cup, the African Cup of Nations, and the Egyptian Football League matches, noticed that the goalkeeper is distinguished from the rest of the team members by being the team’s last defender, in addition to his great influence on the outcome of the match in favor of his team against the opposing team, in addition. It is the team’s first line of attack and the team’s last line of defense. There is a weakness in the defensive performance of some young goalkeepers in some defensive skills, the most important of which, from the researcher’s point of view, is ”keeping the ball away with the hand next to the crossbar or above the post - hitting the ball with the fist.” On the other hand, the presence of a good goalkeeper It helps to give confidence to the players, which requires attention in choosing the player who occupies this position, which has led to an interest on the part of coaches in training on some defensive skills that contribute to improving the defensive tactical performance of goalkeepers and emphasizing the correct behavior of the art of performing the basic defensive skills of a goalkeeper. The goalkeeper in terms of timing, approach steps, and protecting the goalkeeper from entering goals. Biomechanical performance analysis is also considered a means for the teacher and coach in football to invest this information in enhancing the skill preparation requirements and to support and enhance the player’s characteristics and develop the goalkeeping position through the motor analysis of the goalkeeper’s performance. In order for errors to be classified and eliminated, some specific exercises for junior football players were developed. Hence, the research problem was embodied in the biomechanical analysis of some defensive skills for junior goalkeepers as an indicator of specific exercises in football.
Search goal:
The research aims to “ biomechanical analysis of some goalkeepers’ defensive skills as an indicator of specific exercises for young football players through:
To help reach and achieve the research objectives, it was necessary to determine an answer to the following questions:
Search queries:
1. What are the most important biomechanical indicators for the skill of hand-kicking the ball next to the crossbar for junior goalkeepers in football?
2. What are the most important biomechanical indicators of the skill of hitting the ball with the fist for young goalkeepers in football?
3. What are the specific exercises according to the biomechanical characteristics of the skill of removing the ball by hand next to the crossbar for junior goalkeepers in football?
4. What are the specific exercises according to the biomechanical characteristics of the skill of hitting the ball with the fist for junior goalkeepers in football?
Search terms:
Defensive and offensive performances of the goalkeeper:
It is the behavior that distinguishes the goalkeeper’s performance from others, defensively and offensively, according to different playing situations. (operational definition)Imposition of search:
Research Methodology :
The researcher used the descriptive case study method due to its suitability to the nature of the research
The research sample :
The research sample was chosen intentionally from the junior goalkeepers of the Beni Suef Telephone Club, under 19 years of age, participating in the Egyptian Football Association League, the Beni Suef region branch, for the 2022/2023 season. They numbered 6 goalkeepers (3) as a basic sample, and (3) goalkeepers as a reconnaissance sample from The guards of the Biba Youth Center are from the research community and outside the main sample.
A) The first exploratory study:
The researcher conducted a survey study on Monday, August 1, 2022, on the junior goalkeeper of the Biba Youth Center at the Muslim Youth Stadium in Beni Suef.
B) The second exploratory study:
The researcher conducted a reconnaissance study on Monday, August 8, 2022, on the guards of the Biba Youth Center, and then a reconnaissance study on Monday, August 15, 2022, for those born in 2003, who participated in the Beni Suef region football league, playing for the Biba Youth Center, from the research community and outside the basic sample.
Basic study:
The basic study was conducted for the players during training for the team born in 2003 for the Beni Suef Telephone Club at the City Youth Center Stadium (A) in Beni Suef for the 2022/2023 season, on Tuesday, 8/23/2022.
- Three-dimensional imaging of the exercises proposed for emerging players (the basic research sample) was conducted at the City Youth Center Stadium (A) in Beni Suef on Monday, 8/30/2022.
Statistical processors:
The researcher conducted the following statistical treatments:
-Arithmetic mean (s). - Correlation coefficient (R(.
-Standard deviation (p).
Conclusions:
The limits of the design of any research are linked to many basic components that every researcher seeks to achieve by following one of the scientific methods appropriate to the nature of his research. The scientific methods, tools and devices that the researcher chooses to measure and record the data to be studied are among the most important of these components, and to the extent that these components are characterized by objectivity, they are There are no limits to generalizing the results.
Based on the theoretical analysis of the research problem and according to what is indicated by the frame of reference that guided the research, and in light of the previous presentation of the results, their discussion and interpretation, and within the limits of the existing procedures in terms of the method used, the selected sample, the devices and tools that were used in the study, and the kinematic and statistical treatments of the biomechanical variables under study. The researcher concluded the following:
1. there is a statistically significant relationship between the level of performance and biomechanical variables (transverse speed of the right forefoot, transverse speed of the right ankle, the resultant speed of the right elbow, the vertical acceleration of the right toes, the vertical acceleration of the right wrist, the resultant acceleration of the right wrist, the amount of tangential movement of the right foot, the amount The tangential movement of the right leg, the amount of movement of the right humerus, the amount of vertical movement of the left thigh, the angular acceleration of the wrist for the right hand) during the moment of developing the skill of clearing the ball with the hand next to the crossbar or above the post for junior goalkeepers in football.”
2. There is a statistically significant relationship between the level of performance and biomechanical variables (transverse speed of the right elbow, transverse speed of the right wrist, transverse speed of the left forefoot, horizontal speed of the center of gravity, vertical acceleration of the left forefoot, horizontal acceleration of the chin, vertical acceleration of the chin, and resultant acceleration of the chin The amount of tangential movement of the right forearm, the amount of tangential movement of the right hand, the amount of vertical movement of the left leg, the amount of movement of the left leg, the amount of vertical movement of the left thigh, the resultant angular acceleration of the right wrist) during the moment of rising to the skill of removing the ball with the hand next to the crossbar or above the post for the goalkeepers. Juniors in football.
3. There is a statistically significant relationship between the level of performance and biomechanical variables (tangential speed of the right elbow, transverse speed of the left torso, resultant speed of the left torso, transverse speed of the left shoulder, vertical acceleration of the right wrist, transverse acceleration of the left torso, amount of transverse movement of the left torso, momentum The outcome of the right humerus) during the moment of contact with the ball for the skill of removing the ball by hand next to the crossbar or above the post for junior goalkeepers in football.
4. The skill of pushing the ball away from the crossbar with the opposite hand helps the goalkeeper cover large horizontal distances during the throw.
5. There is a statistically significant correlation between the level of performance and biomechanical variables (transverse displacement of the left elbow, transverse displacement of the left wrist, transverse displacement of the left finger, vertical velocity of the right shoulder, resultant velocity of the left torso, transverse acceleration of the right shoulder, transverse acceleration of the right elbow, vertical acceleration of the knee). Moment of the end of the step (moment of the end of the step) Damping) for the skill of hitting the ball with the fist.
6. There is a statistically significant relationship between the level of performance and biomechanical variables (the resultant velocity of the right knee, the vertical velocity of the left torso, the vertical velocity of the left shoulder, the resultant velocity of the left shoulder, the vertical acceleration of the left ankle, the horizontal acceleration of the left knee, the resultant acceleration of the left knee, the vertical acceleration of the elbow. The resulting momentum of the left thigh, the vertical momentum of the left torso, the resulting momentum of the left torso, the vertical momentum of the left humerus, the tangential momentum of the left humerus, the angular acceleration of the left wrist, the resultant kinetic energy of the body) during the moment of rising to the skill of hitting the ball with the fist.
7. There is a statistically significant relationship between the level of performance and biomechanical variables (the resultant velocity of the right shoulder, the vertical velocity of the right elbow, the vertical acceleration of the right torso, the resultant acceleration of the right torso, the vertical acceleration of the center of gravity, the resultant acceleration of the center of gravity, the angular velocity of the right elbow, the angular acceleration of the shoulder. Right) during the moment of touching the ball for the skill of hitting the ball with the fist.
Recommendations:
Within the limits of the research procedures and based on the most important conclusions reached, the researcher recommends the following:
1. Conduct similar studies on the comparison between the length of the guards’ side steps at speed and the flight distance.
2. Conducting further studies on goalkeepers’ techniques in throwing skills and removing the ball from in front of the goal.
3. The necessity of trainers relying on mechanical principles and laws in education and training.
4. Directing the need for motor analysis centers in colleges of physical education to rely on more advanced analysis programs, so that the contribution amounts of the quantities of rotational movement of the body parts and their directions can be deduced to identify the role of the movement of each part of the body whether achieving the mechanical goal of performing any skill or learning the details of balance. Dynamic during performance.
The research aims to identify the biomechanical analysis of some of the defensive skills of junior goalkeepers as an indicator of specific exercises in football. The researcher used the descriptive case study approach, and the research sample was chosen intentionally. The research sample included 3 junior goalkeepers for the Beni Suef Telephone Club under 18 years of age, and the most important results were:
• “There is a statistically significant correlation between the level of performance and some biomechanical variables during the moment (damping - rising - touching the ball) for the skill of removing the ball by hand next to the crossbar or above the post for junior goalkeepers in football.”
• “There is a statistically significant correlation between the level of performance and some biomechanical variables during the moment (damping - rising - touching the ball) for the skill of hitting the ball with the fist for junior goalkeepers in football.”