الفهرس 
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Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia, also known as MPHL or FPHL, is the most common form of alopecia worldwide and arises from an excessive response to androgens. AGA presents itself in a characteristic distribution unique to both sexes. Despite its prevalence, AGA can be quite challenging to treat. The condition is chronic and stems from an interplay of genetic and environmental factors. There are only two FDA-approved drugs for the condition: topical minoxidil and oral finasteride. However, numerous non-FDA-approved treatments are effective in treating AGA in various studies. At present, the treatments promoting hair regrowth or preventing hair loss include drugs, surgical treatments, herbal medicines, biotherapies, and other physical treatments. Topical minoxidil is the first FDA-approved drug for AGA and is used off-label for many other hair loss conditions, such as central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, AA, and telogen effluvium. Minoxidil is converted to its active metabolite, minoxidil sulfate, and functions as a potent arteriolar vasodilator that activates potassium channels on the smooth muscles of the peripheral artery, inducing cell proliferation. Furthermore, minoxidil was found to increase VEGF in DP cells as well as stimulate PGE2 production, leading to an increase in the duration of the anagen phase. Autologous cellular micrografts technique is a novel treatment method for hair loss, and few data are available regarding its efficacy. Although progenitor cells are damaged in AGA, the HFSCs remain preserved, which explains the reversibility of the condition. ACM consists of the transplantation of mature multipotent SCs in the balding areas, thereby enabling HF regeneration. Besides unaffected areas of the scalp, ACM may use multipotent SCs originating from adipose tissue. Another plausible mechanism of action of ACM is the reactivation of already existing stem cells and progenitor cells of miniaturized follicles, by reinstating the hair growth signaling via the injection of growth factors. This work aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of autologous micrografts suspension of scalp tissue containing hair follicle stem cells and topical minoxidil 5% in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. This study included 30 AGA patients (15 males of grade (II-V) according to Norwood- Hamilton classification and 15 females of grade (I-II) according to Ludwig’s scale) who were divided into two groups (split scalp study).group I, 30 patients were treated with intradermal injection of autologous micrografts suspension in the right half of the scalp (3 sessions with one-month intervals).group II, the same 30 patients applied topical 5% minoxidil foam twice daily on the left side of the scalp for 3 months. The patients were followed up for 6 months after the end of treatment. Assessment was done clinically including clinical grading by Norwood- Hamilton or Ludwig’s classification, the quartile improvement scale and patient satisfaction, and trichoscopically and by histopathology. Trichoscopy was used to determine the hair density, width, and percentage of both terminal and vellus hairs in the field. Samples of the micrografts’ suspension were characterized by cytospin and immuno-cytochemistry to identify the HFSCs (CD44 for mesenchymal SCs and CD200 for epithelial SCs).