الفهرس 
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Abstract
The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy on Condylar growth in skeletal class II mandibular deficiency children treated with twin-block (primary outcome) and to evaluate the effect of twin-block on mandibular growth (secondary outcome).
A sample of 14 subjects requiring orthopedic therapeutic treatment were randomly selected. The subjects were divided into two groups (group 1: twin-block with low-level laser therapy, Control group: twin-block therapy only), with an age range between 9.5 to 14 years old and with no gender predilection. All subjects had a skeletal Class II where ANB angle is greater than 5° with mandibular deficiency that the SNB angle is less than 76° with cervical vertebrae maturation stage at CS3 or CS4.
A custom-made Twin-block appliance was fabricated for every patient. For laser group a semiconductor Diode laser near infrared 940 nm was applied on the condyle area (100 mW, 2.5 J, 3.9 J/cm2). Laser was applied twice a week in the first month and once a week in the second and third months, totalizing 16 sessions.
The pre-treatment photographs, study models and cephalometric radiographs were obtained for every patient at the beginning of treatment (T0), after 3 months of treatment (T1), and after 9 months of treatment (T2). Skeletal, dental, and soft tissue
cephalometric parameters and overjet from the study models were measured and recorded at different treatment points. All data were compared and analyzed.
In the current study it was found that there is a statistically significant positive effect of treatment with twin-block therapy on mandibular length (Co-Gn), Ramus Height (Co-Go), Upper lip to E-Line, SNA angle, ANB angle and U1 / SN angle in all treated groups. While there was no significant difference between laser and non-laser groups.
from the results of the current study, it could be concluded that:
1. Laser therapy, with the current parameters and protocol, accomplished no considerable effect on mandibular length and ramus height.
2. Twin-block therapy is an effective treatment in growing patients with skeletal class II mandibular deficiency.
3. The changes following twin-block therapy is a net result from skeletal and dentoalveolar changes.