الفهرس 
AcknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Polyether ether ketone is considered a promising alternative to mineral and glass-ceramic zirconia compositions. Polyether ether ketone is a high-performance partially crystallized thermoplastic polymer, which consists of an aromatic benzene molecular chain interconnected by ether and ketone functional groups. Polyether ether ketones are used to manufacture temporary implant abutments, fixed dental prostheses, and removable dental prostheses either by using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) or compression techniques.
Various chemical surface treatments have been performed to treat its surface by etching agents such as sulfuric acid etching and hydrofluoric acid (HF) which are commonly used in the dental field. In addition to air abrasion, precise mechanical surface treatment was performed. Such various surface treatments increase the surface roughness and may affect marginal adjustment, marginal chipping and adhesion strength.
Marginal accuracy is a critical factor in the success of restorations. Poor fitting margins may lead to sulcolysis, tooth sensitivity, recurrent tooth decay, pulp exposure, and periodontal problems. The maximum clinically acceptable marginal gap has been reported to be 120 mm, although there is no standard criterion for clinically acceptable marginal accuracy. Marginal gaps of 50 to 100 mm are considered adequate for successful restorations. Factors that affect the marginal gap of crowns include manufacturing technique..
A common observation of material surface damage due to machining is chipping defects. These defects can reduce the accuracy of the restoration fit and can contribute to reduced mechanical strength over time. The workability of a material can simply be evaluated qualitatively as the ease with which a particular material can be cut. However, its precise quantification is more difficult.
The effect of different surface treatments on some mechanical properties of polyether ether ketone
Many parameters have been proposed as “measuring” machinability, such as tool wear, surface roughness, cutting force, cutting energy, drilling rates, etc.
However, the PEEK material has been reported with advantages for daily dental use, and achieving a stable and acceptable bond to the dental material has been the major clinical challenges. Recent studies have focused on improving the surface interaction of PEEK with resins to achieve proper adhesion, as adhesive consolidation is the key factor for the clinical success of fixed prostheses in the dental field.
PEEK. The researchers evaluated the bond strength of the surface of the PEEK glasses material and the resin through several different surface treatments such as sandblasting, silica coating, and surface treatment by piranha etching, sulfuric acid etching, or various types of plasma. The authors concluded that air abrasion enhances the bonding between the resin and the PEEK material. They recommend air abrasion as the first surface treatment alternatives for PEEK surfaces.
The pullout test is preferred to the bond strength test because it takes into account the complex geometry of the support preparation
However, to our knowledge, there are relatively few reports on pullout test evaluation of PEEK crowns and for this reason this in vitro study referred to the evaluation of pullout values after different surface treatments.
Tools and materials used
Polyether ether ketone
The materials used in surface treatments are:
1- Sulfuric acid 98%
2-Hydrofluoric acid 9.5%
3-A mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide
4-Nitric acid
5- Materials for air conditioning and to help with adhesion (viso line - rain cement material)
Samples are divided according to different surface treatments as follows:
The first group: treated with sulfuric acid 98%.
The second group: treated with 9.5% hydrofluoric acid.
The third group: treated with a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide
Fourth group: treated with nitric acid
The degree of surface roughness is measured
The degree of Hashemite cutting and Hashemite adaptation is measured
The degree of grip of the teeth is measured.