الفهرس 
Chapter 1Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The level of serum ACE was higher in SLE patients than in controls, was higher in patients with renal manifestations than in others without renal manifestations, and correlated with the severity of lupus nephritis. This agrees with theory; it ; supposed that there is a relationship between serum ACE and the pathology of SLE, especially LN.
There wasn’t a relationship with other manifestations like neuropsychiatric manifestations and cardiopulmonary manifestations; in fact, no studies discussed this point. But there was a significant relationship between S.ACE and haematological manifestations, like anaemia and neutropenia, not thrombocytopenia. Also, there were no studies that discussed this relationship.
Based on our study, we suggest that ACE can be used as an indicator for lupus activity and lupus nephritis. Also, we suggest that ACE inhibitors can be used as prophylaxsis in patients without lupus nephritis, as S.ACE was higher in patients with LN than in patients without LN.
More studies are recommended to confirm the relationship between S.ACE, ACE gene polymorphism, and risk of SLE development and severity, and studies to discuss the relationship between S.ACE and other lupus manifestations other than LN are recommended.
Further studies are recommended to discuss the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on the level of S.ACE and the role of these drugs in the prevention of renal damage.
Summary
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body. Symptoms vary between people and may be mild to severe. Common symptoms include painful and swollen joints, fever, chest pain, hair loss, mouth ulcers, swollen lymph nodes, feeling tired, and a red rash which is most commonly on the face.
Often there are periods of illness, called flares, and periods of remission during which there are few symptoms . Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by generation of autoantibodies particularly against components in the cell nucleus .
The current work hypothesized that there is arelationship between S.ACE and SLE .
Hence our aim in this study was to find compare between S.ACE in SLE patients and healthy age ,sex matched control . and between S.ACE in patients with LN and those without. And find S.ACE relation to clincal parameters esp LN in SLE patients.
Our study sugggests that there is asignificant relationship between ACE and SLE development. And there is asignificant relationship between ACE and LN as regard renal function and stage of LN.