الفهرس 
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Abstract
Research into possible illness outcome predictors has been prompted by the rapidity with which the COVID-19 pandemic has spread and by the fact that the disease’s severity varies from case to case.
The pathophysiology of COVID-19 is mostly influenced by inflammation. The virus can only cause minor or no symptoms if the immune system reacts quickly and efficiently, stopping it from reproducing and entering the lungs. An international consensus has emerged that the cytokine storm, a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, is the primary factor responsible for the worsening prognosis and, ultimately, mortality.
Hence, better scenario planning will be the product of clinical outcome prediction and the identification of patients at risk of developing severe symptoms necessitating admission to the intensive care unit.
To prevent the innate immune response from becoming overly active too soon, the body needs T-cell adaptive immunological responses. Overactivation of the innate immune response and severity of COVID-19 infection may be caused, in part, by reduced numbers and possibly impaired functional status of the adaptive cellular immune response, according to our results. Predictive markers for identifying individuals with wild-type viral infection who will have severe illness might include the count of T-cell subtypes along with detection of their exhaustion state and the levels of IL-1β and IL-6.
By monitoring the levels of two microRNAs, miR-146a and miR-133a, we were able to discover miRNA-based indicators of illness severity in this research. One of the microRNAs that controls inflammation is miR-146a. It may be used to evaluate the body’s immunological response and can be utilized as a biomarker for predicting or gauging the prognosis of COVID-19 illness. According to our research, its downregulation suggests an unregulated immune response, which in turn causes an overproduction of inflammatory cytokines, which aggravate the illness result.
As COVID-19 progresses, levels of miRNAs in the bloodstream increase. These miRNAs originate from a variety of tissues and include various cardiometabolic biomarkers. The miR-133a is a marker of myocyte damage caused by inflammation. The severity of the condition, which reflects the effect of inflammation on the heart and muscles, was substantially correlated with its overexpression in the COVID-19 patients evaluated compared to healthy controls.
The creation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines might benefit greatly from these findings. Because it controls the immune response and prevents the body from having an overreaction, vaccination is a powerful weapon in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.
The identification of anti-virus-specific T-cell clones and the creation of novel immunotherapeutic strategies to fight COVID-19 can both be aided by these findings. When fighting this condition, researchers and doctors can use these discoveries as a resource.