الفهرس 
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Abstract
One of the limitations of this study was that it was an invitro one. Accordingly, future in vivo studies are recommended to evaluate the advantages of flash free brackets. Additionally, this study was performed on premolar teeth only. Therefore, the results should not be generalized for other teeth with different anatomy.
Enamel decalcification or demineralization is a common therapeutic problem in orthodontic therapy. Orthodontic treatment with fixed equipment compromises dental care maintenance and raises the possibility of enamel lesion growth.
A sample of 70 first premolar extracted human teeth were divided into 7 equal group.
group 1(control): teeth enamel was not treated or bonded. group 2: Conventional brackets were bonded to teeth with conventional light cure adhesive. group 3: Metal flash free brackets (3M Unitek) were bonded to teeth without any pretreatment. group 4: ceramic flash free brackets were bonded without any pretreatment. group 5: Conventional brackets were bonded with pretreatment with fluoride varnish. group 6: Metal flash free brackets with pretreatment with fluoride varnish. group 7: ceramic flash free brackets with pretreatment with fluoride. Each tooth was embedded vertically in center of the mold submerged in resin and leaving the buccal surface appear over the mold surface. All specimens were measured by diagnodent pen after 24 hours of bonding to allow sufficient time for complete polymerization of bonding material. For group V, VI and VII teeth were pretreated with fluoride varnish after bracket bonding according to the manufacturer’s instructions. For 96 hours, each sample were immersed in 10 mL of solution at 37°C, with the solution changing each four hours. Topical medications should be used every four hours, which equates to around two applications each week. After artificial cares like lesion were evoked, a second measure of enamel demineralization was taken for all groups.
The result was that flash free brackets have no excess materials around brackets this help reducing bacterial accumulation and reducing enamel demineralization. Both metal and metal flash free brackets have similar effect on enamel demineralization. Addition of fluoride varnish help in reducing enamel demineralization around conventional and flash free brackets.
a)Fluoride varnish is efficient in minimizing enamel demineralization when applied around flash free brackets.
b)Flash free brackets minimize enamel demineralization compared to conventional brackets.
c)Enamel demineralization is similar in both ceramic and metal flash free brackets.