الفهرس 
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Abstract
Nurses’ lack of knowledge is considered to be one of the most significant factors contributing to medication administration errors. Most medication errors cause no harm to patients, but serious injuries and deaths are usually due to incorrect administration of high alert medications. An important intervention to reduce medication errors is continuing education to improve knowledge of medications management and administration. Nurses must have knowledge and skills in order to recognize potential medication errors before they occur. One of the clinical educational models for making the learning process more applicable and narrowing the gap between practice and theory is clinical supervision model There are numerous positive outcomes suggested for this model, including improvement of patients’ safety when the patients are exposed to possible risks due to medical and nursing interventions, increasing the efficacy of treatment intervention and reducing the medical errors The purpose of the study was to: Examine the effect of traditional health education versus clinical supervision model on pediatric nurses’ adherence to high alert medication safety Research design A Quasi- experimental design was utilized (pre – posttest and follow up) (two study groups) (no equivalent group design). Setting This study was conducted at neonatal and postnatal intensive care Units in Menoufia University Hospital and Shebin El-kom teaching hospital. Sample: - - A convenient sample (80 nurses) working in the NICUs and PICUs in Menoufia University Hospitals and Shebin Elkom teaching hospitals were selected - In Shebin Elkom Teaching hospitals there were 25 pediatric nurses (10 nurses at NICU and 15 nurses at PICU) (study group 1). - In Menoufia University Hospitals there were 55 nurses (30 nurses at NICU and 25 nurses at PICU) (study group 2 - group (І) received traditional health education (n= 25) group (ІІ) received health education based on clinical supervision model (n= 55 Instruments of the study: Three instruments were utilized for data collection Instrument one • Social characteristics of studied nurses. It included questions about age unit/department, sex, years of nursing experiences and qualification, and number of patients Instrument two • Structured interview questionnaire sheet for high alert medication knowledge. It was used to assess nurse’s knowledge about high alert medication. It was developed by the researcher and guided by Sallam (2016) and Youssef, (2018). It contained 33 questions about high alert medication Types (adrenaline, nor adrenaline, potassium chloride, dopamine, douptamine, magnesium), definition, administration, prescription, monitoring, storage, dispensing, causes of errors, and strategies for prevention of these errors, and patient education were included. Instrument three • An observational checklist for nurses’ adherence to high alert medications safety. It was adopted by Sallam, (2016).It included 7 items regarding high alert medications storage, distribution, description, preparation, clinical monitoring, patient education and administration of some high alert medications The main results of the study showed that 1. On posttest nurses in groups 2 and 1 had more satisfactory knowledge about sideeffects of high alert medication (70.9% vs 68.0%), nurse’s role (69.1% vs 68.0%) and precautions (72.7% vs 68%). 2. Nurses in groups 2 and 1 had more satisfactory knowledge about nurses role before administration of high alert medication (69.1% vs 60.0%), Role of the nurse in case of error in administration (81.8% vs 80.0 3. Nurses had the highest level of mean scores of knowledge about high alert medication documentation& monitoring on post and follow-up tests between the two study groups 4. Nurses who receive educational intervention based on clinical supervision model had high level of knowledge to high alert medication safety on posttest than pretest. 5. On posttest nurses in groups 2 and 1 had more complete adherence to high alert medication storage place labeling (81.8% vs 76.0%), Stock separation (72.7 vs 52%) and checking the temperature of the refrigerator (63.6% vs 52%). 100. There were very very highly statistical significant differences between levels of nurses adherence on pre, post and follow up tests (P>0.001 The study concluded that: - The current study concluded that implementation of nursing education based on clinical supervision model improved pediatric nurses’ knowledge and adherence to high alert medication safety on post and follow-up tests than on pretest Based on the results of the study it was recommended that. Ongoing in-service education programs about promoting high alert medication should be designed and implemented in all pediatric intensive careunits to improve nurses’ knowledge and practices on the basis of nurse’s actual needs Integrating nursing practice guidelines regarding high alert medication safety (administration, prescription, storage, preparation, registration monitoring, and patient &family education) into the daily routine care of all pediatric patients in all pediatric intensive care units to promote pediatric nurses’ adherence to high alert medication safety 3. Undergraduate nurse’s educational training programs should integrate knowledge about promoting high alert medications safety and clinical supervision model 4. Future studies should be applied to evaluate the effect of developing nursing practice guidelines based on other health education models on safe use of high alert medications to compare the results with the current study.