الفهرس 
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Abstract
Monocular blindness and vision impairment are primarily brought on by ocular trauma, which can be avoided. In addition to the morbidity, socioeconomic effects of visual impairment (such as limited career opportunities, lifestyle changes, etc.), the cost of medical expenses for the patients and their families, and the financial burden placed on the health system in charge of handling these cases, it may have long-term psychosocial effects on the patient.
According to recent statistics, there are 55 million eye injury incidences per year that cause 16 million bilateral blindnesses and 19 million unilateral blindnesses.
The most frequent causes of eye injuries were wooden sticks, trauma from tree branches, household furniture corners, fistfights, car accidents, and toys in children. The causes of ocular injuries varied depending on the patient’s age and occupation.
The present study was performed to evaluate eye trauma cases presentation and outcomes and to determine if the early arrival and proper treatment will improve the outcome of cases or not.
The current study was conducted on total 405 individuals aging from 6 months to 65 years attended to the Ophthalmology Department - Sohag University Hospitals in the period from 1st of January 2022 to 30th of June 2022.
Data of the patients (including age, gender, residence, occupation, manner and mechanism of injury, causative instrument, site of injury, delay time between injury and hospital arrival, type and pattern of injury, investigations done,
conservative treatment or surgical treatment, period of patient stay in hospital, expected time for recovery, visual acuity after recovery, outcome and recommendations) were collected and recorded in sheets then all data were analyzed in SPSS.
The patients were assessed by the following instruments which are present in the ophthalmology department- Sohag University Hospitals except CT (present in the Radiology Department – Sohag University Hospitals).
1. Slit lamp.
2. Landolt C chart.
3. Auto refractor.
4. B scan ocular ultrasound.
5. Direct ophthalmoscope.
6. Indirect ophthalmoscope.
7. CT of the orbit.
Most of cases were under the age of 18 years (students and kids) with male predominance, most of cases were injured accidentally.
Wooden and plant objects were the leading causes of eye injury among all injuries; followed by kitchen tools then and metal objects then stones and bricks then falling and road traffic accidents.
Most of patients reported within 24 hours, closed globe injuries were more than open globe injuries.
The most common closed globe injuries were caused by foreign body, corneal abrasion. While penetrating injuries were the most common open globe injuries.
It was found that cases who presented earlier in less than 6 hours had final VA better compared with those who presented after more than one day.
Complicated cases of global rupture by retinal detachment, endophthalmitis or vitreous hemorrhage and cases with multiple lesions had poor visual acuity than the others.
Cases that received treatment early and followed up regularly had better outcome than delayed cases or cases that neglected regular follow up.
In the present study about half of injured cases regained a good visual acuity most of them were with closed global injury or open global injuries but received treatment early with no complications.
Conclusion
Conclusion
The present study found that cases who presented earlier in less than 6 hours had final VA better compared with those who presented after more than one day. Cases that received treatment early and followed up regularly had better outcome than delayed cases and cases that neglected regular follow up.
Complicated cases of global rupture by retinal detachment, endophthalmities or vitreous hemorrhage and cases with multiple lesions had poor visual acuity than the others.
Cases that developed permanent infirmity (complete blindness or severe visual impairment) due to delayed reporting or neglicance or severe injury mostly corneal and corneoscleral wounds, complicated with retinal detachment and other severe complications or deep neglected foreign body that caused complications such as pan-ophthamitis.
Recommendations
Recommendations
It is recommended:
1. Educate individuals in general to use safety eyewear; this might significantly reduce worker injuries.
2. Urge people to seek immediate medical care if an eye injury has occurred, as distance was not a reason for the patients delay in seeking care.
3. Due to poor compliance with follow-up examinations and secondary rehabilitation, trauma patients should receive comprehensive primary management.
4. Employees need to be regularly reminded that their field of work carries a risk of eye damage.
5. The general public should be aware of the sequences of hostile behaviour.
6. All weapons and instruments of violence should be prohibited, and they should only be allowed under particular conditions and with proper authorization.
7. Further studies to be performed on larger samples with different age groups either (older or younger) in other governorates in Egypt to collect more data about how to improve outcome of cases.