الفهرس 
Effect of treated wastewater on the properties of concrete
Water TestsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The world is currently facing a major crisis in water demand. Egypt is one of the countries that are affected by the increasing water demand. Hence, Egypt started to focus on wastewater treatment to face the shortage of freshwater. Since concrete industry consumes vast amounts of water in mixing and curing, researchers started to study the effects of using treated wastewater (TWW) as an alternative to potable water in mortar and concrete. However, there are limited studies regarding the effect of TWW on mortar. Moreover, there is a lack of understanding on the effect of TWW on the durability properties of concrete.
The main objectives of this research work are to:
o Conduct a survey on the properties of TWW from different regions across Egypt.
o Study the effects of TWW on the properties of cement paste and mortar.
o Study the influence of TWW on the short-term and long-term properties of concrete.
o Determine whether TWW can be used as a full replacement for potable water in concrete or not.
Experimental program of this research was divided into three main phases.
Phase (I) aimed to study the variations in the properties of TWW according to the source of TWW and the type of treatment system used in Egypt, hence five TWW samples were collected from different regions across Egypt and tested experimentally to determine the following: PH value, Sodium Sulphide, Carbonates & Bicarbonates, Organic matter, Chemical oxygen demand, Turbidity, Total dissolved solids, Total suspended solids, Total solids, Chlorides and sulphate content.
Phase (II) Covered the effects of TWW on the properties of cement paste and mortar through the following tests: Water consistency, initial and final setting time and compressive strength.
Phase (III) focused on the effect of TWW used as a mixing and curing water on the mechanical and durability related properties through the following tests: Slump, Compressive strength, Modulus of elasticity, Split tensile strength, Water absorption, Water penetration resistance, Rapid chloride penetration, Sorptivity, Accelerated corrosion and Microstructure analysis.
The main conclusions of the research work were that the properties of the TWW samples vary according to its source and besides that, TWW might have the potential to be used as a full replacement of potable water either in concrete mixing or curing. However, corrosion protection is required when using treated wastewater in reinforced concrete, as it was observed that TWW increases the mass loss due to corrosion.