الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Nowadays, people are exposed to diverse environmental and chemical pollutants produced by industry and agriculture. Food contaminations such as persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, and mycotoxins are a serious concern for global food safety with economic and public health implications especially in the newly industrialized countries.Mounting evidence indicates that chronic exposure to food contaminants referred to as xenobiotics exert a negative effect on human health such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal disorders linked with perturbation of the composition and metabolic profile of the gut microflora. Although the physicochemical technologies for food decontamination are utilized in many cases but require adequate conditions which are often not feasible to be met in many industrial sectors. At present, one promising approach to reduce the risk related to the presence of xenobiotics in foodstuffs is a biological detoxification done by probiotic strains and their enzymes.Many studies conformed that probiotics are an effective, feasible, and inexpensive tool for preventing xenobiotic-induced dysbiosis and alleviating their toxicity. Several studies have shown that economic losses due to mycotoxins occur at all levels of food and feed production, including crop and animal production, processing and distribution. Therefore, there is a great demand for a novel approach to prevent both the formation of mycotoxins in food and feed and the impact of existing mycotoxin contamination. Recently, investigators have reported that many microorganisms including bacteria, yeast, moulds, actinomycetes and algae are able to remove or degrade mycotoxins in food and feed. We have reviewed various strategies for the detoxification of mycotoxins using microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast and fungi. Although there are many strategies to prevent fumonisins from entering the food chain, thetraditional physical and chemical methods of mycotoxin removal have some disadvantages, suchas an unstable effect, large nutrient loss, impact on the palatability of feed, and difficulty in massproduction. As a safe,efficient, and environmentally friendly detoxification technology, biologicaldetoxification attracts more and more attention from researchers and is gradually becoming anaccepted technique.