الفهرس 
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Abstract
A
SUMMARY
ge estimation is a very important step for identification of unknown deceased being an integral part of one’s biological profile.
Although the majority of forensic age estimation cases are related to adolescents and young adults, nowadays cases of the geriatric population are also steadily increasing.
Accurate age estimation in elderly people is essential in legal, medical, social and administrative matters i.e., retirement from service, pension settlement, senior citizen benefits, potency certification and relaxation in imprisonment on the grounds of old age of a prisoner.
The error of age estimation increases with Age. Accurate estimation of adult age continues to be one of the most challenging tasks for forensic practitioners
Usually, the age estimation up to 25 years depends on physical examination, appearance of secondary sexual characters, data from dental eruption, and maturity of bones, appearance and fusion of ossification centers. After 25 years of age, it is associated with high percentage of deviation. It depends on associated age changes in hair, eyes, and teeth. Other scientific methods like tooth microscopy, study of union of parts of sternum, pubic symphysis, auricular surface, lipping of joints and closure of cranial sutures are considered for age estimation of the individual.
The present study aimed to assess the correlation between some of the vault cranial sutures (coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid) and age estimation.
An attempt was made to determine the relationship between age and cranial sutures by using the CT imaging technique of 100 cases of Egyptian population which was taken from archive of radiology department Ain shams university hospital of age 20 and above of both males and females divided equally into five groups on the base of 10 year interval then coronal (divided into three parts), sagittal (divided into four parts), and lambdoid sutures (divided into three parts) were studied by implementing a five-stage scoring system (Frederic rating scale) to the skull’s both ectocranial and endocranial surfaces.
The present study revealed that cranial suture closure is positively correlated with age with very strong statistical significance.
In the current study we observed that sagittal suture closes early followed by coronal sutures and then lambdoid suture.
No statistically significant differences in cranial suture closure among males and females were observed in the present study.
Regarding the coronal suture its closure starts at 45.23±10.18 and 45.64±12.12 for endocranial and ectocranial closure respectively and complete closure is found to be 49.6±13.32 and 50.99±13.29 for endocranial and ectocranial respectively; For sagittal suture it starts at 49.19±12.83 for endocranial surface and 42.9±9.92 for ectocranial surface and ends at 49.87±13.07 for endocranial surface and 50.39±13.82 for ectocranial surface. While reviewing the lambdoid suture the mean age with SD in years for endocranial and ectocranial surfaces respectively is 47.24±12.53 and 51.71±12.99 and ends at 53.28±13.88 and 55.09±12.45 for endocranial and ectocranial surfaces respectively.
The present study found no significant statistical difference between ectocranial and endocranial suture closure.
A linear regression analysis model was generated that yielded in an equation to estimate the age from the state of cranial suture;
The equation:
1.45 [0.6* Sen1 + 0.65* Len2 + 0.28* Cec2+ 0.35 Lec1-0.55* Lec2].
The present study concluded that, cranial sutures could be a measure for age estimation better to be in conjunction with other methods. Further studies regarding sample size are recommended.