الفهرس 
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Abstract
Background: Proper proximal contact in direct composite restorations is crucial for
periodontal health. Over a one-year period, this study was conducted to assess successive
biological changes in proximal contact tightness PCT in class II direct composite restorations
and the adjacent teeth by applying sectional matrix system along with different contact
forming instruments.
Methods: 72 direct compound class II composite restorations were performed in patients
aged 18-40 years and divided into 4 groups: group I (n=18): proximal contact was restored
with Palodent plus sectional matrix system, group II (n=18): Trimax as contact forming
instrument, group III (n=18): Perform as contact forming instrument and group IV (n=18):
Contact pro as contact forming instrument. All contact forming instruments were used along
with Palodent plus matrix system. PCT was measured using a digital force gauge before (T0),
immediate post operative (T1) and at 3 (T2), 6 (T3), 9 (T4), and 12 months (T5) after
restorative treatment. Using One-Way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc test, and Bonferroni
correction, PCT values were compared between groups before and after the intervention
restoration. Meanwhile, for comparisons within groups, a paired t-test was conducted
(P≤0.05).
Results: Contact forming instruments combined with Palodent plus sectional matrix system
achieved better PCT. Trimax led to a statistically considerable tighter proximal contacts than
the other groups (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in PCT between
Contact pro-2, Perform and Palodent plus sectional matrix system. By means of multivariate
analysis, the PCT between both T0 and T1 were increased (P< 0.001) and then it decreased
till T5.
Conclusions: The use of transparent contact forming instruments achieved greater PCT
compared to Palodent sectional matrix system alone that gradually decreased throughout 12
months and reached the PCT between the natural teeth. Using of Trimax system provided the
tightest proximal contacts. Additionally, digital force gauge was confirmed as an inclusive
and accurate method to quantify PCT.
Keywords Proximal contact, sectional matrix, contact forming instrument, composite
restoration, dentistry, dental restoration, permanent.