الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract COPD patients have a higher risk of developing CKD than the general population. [Chen and Liao 2016 ] Age, diabetes, arterial hypertension and overweight are the most common risk factors for new onset of CKD. The pathogenesis of CKD includes atherosclerotic damage, due to activation of pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant pathways leading to pathologic changes in renal circulation [Pelaia,et al 2020] Pulmonary cells can produce many cytokines,that reach the systemic circulation and target other organs, and can also produce inflammatory effects. |