الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATURE .يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
All over the world, health care organizations strive to provide safe and
high quality care, however maintaining an intensive care unit (ICU) and
providing intensive care for all patients, that require health care providers
to collaborate in order to produce the intended outcome for the patient or
service consumer. Interprofessional communication and teamwork
collaboration are the key to promote patient safety, effective delivery of
care, and improve patient outcomes. Communication and collaboration are
an integral part of interprofessional health care teams
where
communication
influences
collaboration
and
effectiveness
of
interprofessional teams
AIM OF THE STUDY
This study aims to:
Examine the relationship between interprofessional communication and
health care team collaboration.
Research Design:
A descriptive, correlational research design was used in this study.
Setting:
The study was carried out at the two largest intensive care units (ICU)
affiliated to Ministry of Health and Population (total bed capacity = 40).
The first ICU was located at Damanhour Chest Hospital and the second at
Damanhour Fever Hospital.
Summary
83
Subjects:
Two groups of subjects were included in this study (N=190).
1- All available and assigned staff nurses in the previously selected
intensive care units who were available at the time of data collection, with
at least one year of experience (N=160).
2- All available resident physicians in the previously selected intensive care
units who were available at the time of data collection, with at least one
year of experience (N=30).
Tools of the study:
In order to collect the required data, the following two tools were used:
Tool (I): Interprofessional Communication:
This tool was divided into two parts
Part (1): Demographic characteristics Data Sheet:
It was developed by the researcher, and was included questions about:
gender, age, educational qualification, working unit, position, years of
working experience and unit experience.
Part (2): Interprofessional Communication Questionnaire:
This scale was developed by Shortell et al., (1991) (8) to measure nurse
physician communication. It was composed of 22 items, grouped into
four scales, namely: (1) openness (8- item); (2) accuracy (6- item); (3)
timeliness (4- item); (4) understanding (4- item). Responses was measured
on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from (1) strongly disagrees to (5) strongly
agree.
Summary
84
Tool (II): Assessment of Interprofessional Team Collaboration Scale
(AITCS)
It was developed by Orchard et al., (2012) (16) to measure the
interprofessional collaboration among health care team members. It was
consists of 37 items grouped into three subscales as followed: (1)
partnership/shared decision making (19-item); (2) cooperation (11-item);
and (3coordination (7-item). Responses was measured on 5-point Likert
rating scale ranging from (1) ―never‖ to (5) ―always‖.
METHODS
-
II
I
6.
An official permission was obtained from the Dean of Faculty of
Nursing Damanhour University and the administrators of the identified
hospitals for data collection after explanation of the study’s purpose.
7.
The two tools were translated into Arabic language and were tested
for its content validity and translation by five experts from the field of the
study; and accordingly no modifications were done. (Appendix VI).
8.
Reliability of the two tools was tested statistically using Cronbach‘s
Alpha coefficient test, as follows tool I: (α=0.728) and tool II: (α=0.828)
indicating adequate and good reliability, respectively.
9.
A pilot study was carried out on (10%) of total sample size; nurses
(n=16) and physicians (n=3) that were not included in the study sample.
The pilot study was done to ascertain the relevance of the tool, to test the
wording of the questions, clarity and applicability of the tools; to estimate
the average time needed to collect the necessary data and to identify the
different obstacles and problems that might be encountered during data
collection, so as to make necessary arrangement to deal with them. Based
on findings of the pilot study, no modifications were done.
10. Data collection for this study was conducted by the researcher
through self-administered questionnaire. It was hand-delivered to the study
Summary
85
subjects, after individualized interview with each study subject for about 5
minutes to explain the aim of the study and the needed instructions were
given before the distribution of the questionnaire in their settings. The
questionnaire was completed by them during their work shifts. It took
about 15-30 minutes to fill out the two tools. The data was collected in a
period of three months, starting from the first of October 2019 to the end of
December 2019.
Ethical considerations:
6.
The research approval was obtained from the ethical committee at
the Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University prior to the start of the
study.
7.
An informed written consent was obtained from the study subjects
after explanation of the aim of the study.
8.
Privacy and right to refuse to participate or withdraw from the study
was assured during the study.
9.
Confidentiality regarding data collected was maintained.
10.
anonymity regarding data collected was maintained.
Statistical analysis:
Data collected from the studied sample was revised, coded, entered and
statistical analysis were fulfilled using the Statistical Package for Social
Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Significance of the results was measured,
where highly significant at p-value < 0.01; statistically significant was
considered at p-value < 0.05 and non-significant at p-value ≥ 0.0.I
Graphical presentation:
Graphical presentations were done for data visualization by using
Microsoft Excel.
Summary
86
The main results of the present study were as follows:
The present study implied that there were highly statistically
relationships
between
total
interprofessional
communication
dimensions (openness, accuracy, timeliness and understanding) and
total interprofessional collaboration dimensions (partnership/ shared
decision making, cooperation and coordination).
There was no statistically significant differences were found between
staff nurses and resident physicians and total interprofessional
communication.
There was highly statistically significant differences were found
between staff nurses and resident physicians and interprofessional
collaboration.
There was highly statistically significant differences between staff
nurses and resident physicians concerning to openness dimension,
however, no statistically significant differences were found between
both subjects and the other dimensions.
Highly statistically significant differences was found between staff
nurses and resident physicians regarding to total collaborations’
dimensions
(partnership/shard
decision
making,
cooperation,
coordination).
There were highly statistically significant relationships between staff
nurses’ total interprofessional communication and working unit, gender,
educational qualifications and years of nursing experience.
There were no statistically significant relationship between physicians’
interprofessional communication and demographic characteristics
except years of ICU experience.
Summary
87
Highly statistical significant relationships were found between staff
nurses’
collaboration and working unit, gender, educational
qualification, years of nursing experience and years of ICU experience.
There were no statistically significant relationships between physicians
collaboration and demographic characteristics except educational
qualification and years of ICU experience.
Conclusion and recommendations
This study concluded that there is highly positive significant
relationships was found between physicians and nurses in relation to
interprofessional communication and team collaboration.
Based on the findings of the present study, it is recommended that:
Hospital administrators should:
1. Conduct training programs for physicians and nurses to enhance
their communication skills.
2. Implement strategies to enhance involvement of physicians and
nurses to educational and experiential programs to improve
communication and collaboration.
3. Create a healthy, positive and competitive environment to strengthen
their inter-professional communication skills
4. Develop policies and procedures to guideline and enhance teamwork
in health care through a closed-loop communication protocol and
ensure that information sent was received and interpreted correctly
5. Conduct regular meetings with staff nurses and physicians to
promote
effective
interprofessional
communication
and
collaboration.
Summary
88
6. Frequent analysis of nurses and physicians relation regularly to
control any factors that could affect negatively on their collaboration
Staff nurses should:
1- Foster positive work environment through encouraging team building
and team work to improve effective communication and collaboration.
2- Sharing in the development of organizational policies and
guidelines
on
futility
and
ethical
decision
making.
3- Improve communication between physicians and nurses in to regularly
to control any factors that could affect negatively on their interprofessional
collaboration.
4- Express their feelings to their first line nurse managers’ that help to
analyze positive and negative expressions that affect their collaboration.
5- Work in group cohesion, is an important way for positive work
environment and motivation of nurses.
6- Participate on: problem-solving, critical thinking and situational
judgment, as well as sharing information, and try to make good decision.
7- Recognize the opportunities and environmental issues, and best
solutions to engage in the strategic plan process through interprofessional
communication development.
8- Support and inspire work group cohesion and plan for the
coordination
through
encouraging
each
other
to
improve
interrelationships that can develop cooperation.
Summary
89
Physicians should:
1. Attending regular training programs for development their
communication skills.
2. Enhance and develop their styles skills through more training and
education about interprofessional relation.
3. Support and encourage, staff nurses to participate in decision making
and problem solving.
4. Train and use deferent technique of interprofessional communication
to avoid medication error and misunderstanding, to provide patient
safety