الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk of bleeding that ranges from minor bleeding (for e.g., gingival bleeding) to life-threatening bleeding (for e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage). On the other hand, the CKD population is also at risk of thrombosis. Both bleeding and thrombosis are associated with increased morbidity and mortality and present a significant burden on the healthcare system. The paradox is the result of interaction between coagulation cascade, fibrinolytic system, platelets and endothelium which are altered in CKD. Different factors play a role in this hemostasis paradox, such as the etiology of kidney disease, the accumulation of uremic toxins in CKD, anemia, associated comorbidities (for e.g., hypertension and diabetes mellitus), the inflammatory state in CKD and medications (for e.g., anticoagulants used for extracorporeal anticoagulation in hemodialysis patients and antiplatelets that are widely used in CKD patients due to cardiovascular disease).