الفهرس 
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Abstract
The prevalence of hypertension in reproductive-aged women is estimated to be 7.7%. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, an umbrella term that includes preexisting HTN, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia, complicate up to 10% of pregnancies and represent a significant cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Despite major advances in our knowledge about it, and our understanding of the syndromic condition of preeclampsia and its spectrum of presentation in pregnant women around the world, this enigmatic complication of pregnancy continues to elude our full understanding of how it begins.
We are learning more about the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and there is exciting new information about its detection, prediction, prevention, and management. The advent of biomarkers to help diagnose and risk assess patients with preeclampsia is important and continuing to evolve. Meanwhile clinicians are still working to develop a clear and consistent way to classify the basic hypertensive disorders of pregnancy including: preeclampsia/eclampsia, chronic hypertension, and gestational hypertension.
The ESC suggests that gestational hypertension should resolve within 42 days postpartum, which is the puerperal period, and that preexisting hypertension persists beyond this period; however, many investigators support the concept that pregnancy hypertension may be termed chronic hypertension if it persists beyond 12 weeks after delivery.
ESC also includes a category ―antenatally unclassifiable hypertension‖ as that which arises before 20 weeks, but has not yet been evaluated after 42 days postpartum for final classification. There are a few other discrepancies across guidelines as well. Several societies include ―White Coat Hypertension‖ and the specific preeclampsia spectrum disorders (e.g., eclampsia and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count (HELLP)).
As noted previously, there remain terminology and definition discrepancies across international guidelines. Hypertension itself has been defined over the years by diastolic or systolic readings alone, as well as by changes in pressures throughout pregnancy.
The International Society of the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy (ISSHP) identified this as one of the factors for the range of controversies surrounding the treatment of hypertension during pregnancy and appointed a committee to address them beginning in 1998. Reviewing various international guidelines, definitions are more standardized; however, there are still discrepancies in sphygmomanometer intervals that define hypertension, precise definitions of proteinuria, the terms used to characterize blood pressure in the non-severe range, and even terminology used to classify the hypertensive disorders themselves.
The main aim of this study was to assess the spectrum and outcome of pregnancy with hypertension in pregnant women in Menoufia from Menoufia hospitals.
This cross-sectional observational study was carried out on 100 pregnant women with all types of hypertension in pregnancy in Menoufia admitted to Menoufia University Hospitals or Menoufia Teaching Hospital. The duration of the study was 12 months.