الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Thyroid diseases is a leading public health problem that has increased globally over the past decades. Thyroid diseases have been observed in more than 100 countries and affecting approximately 1.6 billion populations worldwide. Musculoskeletal knee disorders (MSDs) are very common in thyroid disease patients and TH stimulates both protein synthesis and degradation, and an alteration in TH levels is often responsible for a specific myopathy, deposition of mucopolysaccharides, notably hyaluronic acid in articular and periarticular structures Had various knee musculoskeletal ultrasound findings, osteophytes , enthesophytes, synovitis ,cortical erosion ,enthesitis, joint effusion .Thyroid dysfunction patients with associated risk factors such as aging female gender and hyperuricemia are at a greater risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Our cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate knee musculoskeletal ultrasound findings and its relation with different types of thyroid dysfunction. We included 80 patients with thyroid disorders (10 males and 70 females) aged from 18-60 years recruited from Outpatient Clinic of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology Unit of Tanta university hospitals. Subjects were divided into 4 main groups and also subgroups aiming at evaluating knee musculoskeletal ultrasound findings and its relationship with different types of thyroid dysfunction. • group I: 20 healthy control group. • group II: 20 hypothyroid patients. • group III:20 hyperthyroid patients. • group IV:20 Patients with previous thyroid dysfunction and its duration with current euthyroid statate. • The study protocol was approved by the institutional ethics committee and informed consent was obtained from the patients. All patients in this study were subjected to history taking, , full clinical examination, and laboratory investigations including the following: Complete blood count, Lipid profile (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and triglycerides, Lactate Dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein,Erythrocyte sedimentation rate , Free thyroxine level, Free tri-iodothyronine, Serum thyroid stimulating hormone level, Antibodies to thyroid antigens (Thyroperoxidase antibodies and thyroglobulin antibodies and Radiological assessment including Musculoskeletal ultrasound of both knee joints. The following results were obtained; A high prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal pain was detected in 65% & 55% and 45% had articular knee pain in group II & III and IV A high prevalence of musculoskeletal ultrasound knee abnormality. Regarding osteophytes, the majority of cases have osteophytes 85%, 80% and 80% in group II &III and IV respectively. While 55% and 60% of group II and group III had Corical erosion,, 35% of cases in group III had mild synovitis. Regarding effusion and enthesitis, about 50% of patients in group III had mild effusion and enthesitis. Patients with associated risk factors as positive anti thyroid antibodies had higher prevalence for musculoskeletal knee abnormalities as 91.7% who had anti thyroid antibodies had Osteophytes 33.3% of them had mild osteophytes and 16.7% had both moderate and severe osteophytes while 58.5% of patients without anti- thyroid antibodies did not have Osteophytes. Regarding enthesophytes There were highly statistical significant as 62% with positive antithyroid antibodies had enthesophytes compare with 16.7% in patient with negative antibodies.