الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases, is associated with cancers such as cervical cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and anal cancer. To date, more than 200 HPV types have been identified (Cheng et al., 2020).
HPV infections include various risk factors such as the number of sexual partners, younger age at first sexual intercourse, sexual behavior of male partners, tobacco smoking, high parity, immunosuppression (including HIV), not being circumcised, long-term use of oral contraceptives and the presence of other STIs, such as herpes simplex. Infection can occur through any form of sexual contact, even without penetration (Abuel-Zahab et al., 2022).
HPV infections can be avoided by minimizing exposure to the previous risk factors. Also, vaccination against HPV in both men and women has proven to be the most critical way in preventing the HPV infection. The effectiveness of HPV vaccines translates to a reduction of nearly 85% in the incidence of high-grade lesions, anogenital cancer in males and genital warts in both sexes. The HPV vaccines are extremely safe and offer a very favorable risk-benefit ratio (García et al., 2023).
This study aimed to assess perception of university students regarding human papilloma virus vaccine through:
1- Assessing the university students knowledge about human papilloma virus vaccine.
2- Assessing the university students attitude regarding human papilloma virus vaccine.
A descriptive comparative design was used at 4 faculties of Ain shams university that chosen by random assignment. 1 medical (faculty of nursing) and 3 non-medical faculties (faculty of computer & information, faculty of law and faculty of AL son) were included. The sample of this study was composed of (377) students taken from the faculties as 31 students from the faculty of nursing, 51 students from faculty of Computer & Information, 221 students from faculty of law and74 students from faculty of Al son and they were selected randomly.
Two tools of data collection were used: First tool: Structured interviewing questionnaire sheet. Second tool: Attitude rating scale.
First tool: Structured interviewing questionnaire sheet:
It was designed by the researcher after reviewing the related literature and it was reviewed by supervisors. Data was collected by using the self- administered questionnaire. It was written in an Arabic language for gathering data it includes two parts:
• Part 1: Personnel characteristics of the study sample e.g., Age, family income, address, family history, etc.
• Part 2: It was used to assess knowledge of students about human papilloma virus and its vaccine such as (definition, types of virus, mode of transmission, prevention, immunization, types of vaccine, target group for vaccination…etc.) It was adapted from (Mushasha et al., 2021) and was modified by the researcher.
Second tool: Attitude Rating Scale:
Likert rating scale, It was used to assess attitude of university students regarding human papilloma virus vaccine. It was adapted from Villanueva et al (2019) and was modified by the researcher.
Results:
• Student’s age range between 18 to 21 years with Mean ±SD=18.49±0.75.
• Regarding the residence 81.7% of the studied students were from urban area.
• In relation to the exposure of family member to HPV infection, the current study illustrated that, most of the studied student’s family did not expose to HPV.
• Most of the studied students had incorrect knowledge regarding types, dosages, side effects and contraindications of HPV vaccine.
• The minority of the studied students had poor total level of knowledge about human papilloma virus vaccine.
• More than half of the studied students had negative attitude regarding human papilloma virus vaccine.
• There were a highly statistically significant relation between studied students’ total knowledge level and their residence and income, while there was a statistically significant relation between studied students’ total knowledge and their age.
• Additionally, there was a highly statistically significant relation between studied students’ total attitude level and age while there was a statistically significant relation between studied students’ total attitude level and their residence.
• Finally, there was statistically significant positive correlation between studied students’ total knowledge and total attitude.
Conclusion
The findings of the present study concluded that the most of the studied students had poor level of total knowledge regarding human papilloma virus (HPV). Also, more than half of the studied students had negative attitude regarding HPV vaccine. In addition, there was statistically significant positive correlation (p=0.000) between studied students’ total knowledge and total attitude regarding HPV and its vaccine.
Recommendations
Based on the study results, the following recommendations can be given:
1) Developing guidelines and brochures to raising awareness about human papilloma virus infection and its vaccine between university students.
2) Conduct awareness programs about HPV screening and its vaccine for cervical cancer prevention among university students.
Future studies
Barriers to human papilloma virus vaccine between school students.