الفهرس 
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Ligament TestingOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Ankle fractures are among the most common injury in adults. As a result of the high incidence of ankle fractures and morbidity associated with these injuries, a number of clinical studies are aimed at interventions to promote early mobility and improve outcomes. In particular, there is growing interest in balancing the risks and benefits of early weight-bearing vs. protected weight- bearing postoperatively Radiographic evaluation is important to physicians and surgeons, because these data are frequently used to evaluate and to determine treatment plans for foot and ankle deformities. Preoperative surgical planning is key in identifying the underlying structural deformities, as well as in selecting the most appropriate surgical procedures to be performed selecting the appropriate procedure before performing any operative intervention is beneficial to the patient, because it decreases operating time and increases surgical outcomes. Foot and ankle surgeons routinely use radiographs of the lower extremity to make clinical and surgical decisions based on data obtained from those radiographs. The widespread use of these quantitative measures hinges on an unstated belief in the reliability of the radiographic parameters routinely used. Here, in the current study a total of 581 participants were enrolled with mean age was 36.01±6.81 years. Majority of them was males (82.6%). The study aimed to determine variation in the vertical distance between the medial and lateral malleolus in normal population subjected to X rays for any other causes than ankle fracture. In addition to determine the effect of weight bearing on this variation. It was found that mean distance between 1st and 2nd line and between 1st and 3rd line was 13.97±1.11 and 30.53±2.01 (mm), respectively
Determine variation in the vertical distance between the medial and lateral malleolus by minus mean distance between 1st and 2nd line from mean distance between 1st and 3rd line ,that was found 16.56±1.37 (mm)The main findings of the current study were; 1) both observers had no significant differences as regard distance between 1st and 3rd lines and between 1st and 2nd lines either in non-weight or weight bearing position 2) there was perfect reliability between the two observers as regard different measurements at both position, 3) age had positive correlation with talofibular overlapping in non-weight bearing and in weight bearing position and lastly, sex and side of x- ray had no effects on these measurements Foot and ankle radiographs are essential for surgical planning, and understanding normal versus abnormal is key before any surgical planning can be accurately performed. Intraclass correlation coefficients displayed variability in measurements based on level of training. This study provides many normative radiographic data for the weight bearing and non-weight bearing views with reliable method of measurements Conclusion: the vertical distance between medial and lateral malleolus in normal ankle joint of an adult was found 16.56±1.37 (mm) Future studies in multiple centers are warranted to confirm such findings. Also, studies on participants with different problems in the ankle are recommended to degree of reliability and variability in measurements between the physicians.