الفهرس 
List of abbreviations
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Abstract
Bipolar disorders are a group of brain disorders that cause extreme fluctuation in a person’s mood, energy, and ability to function.
Bipolar I disorder is a manic-depressive disorder that can exist both with and without psychotic episodes.
Mania, or a manic phase, is 1 week or more in which a person experiences a change in behavior that drastically affects their functioning.
The defining characteristics of mania are increased talkativeness, rapid speech, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, distractibility, increase in goal-directed activity, and psychomotor agitation.The lifetime prevalence of the bipolar disorder is about 4 %. The median age of onset of bipolar disorder is around age 25.
The Main cognitive domains are (Motor skills- Attention- Memory- Executive functioning- Language skills).
Bipolar patients may suffer from “debilitating” cognitive impairment in different stages of the disease even during remission and after pharmacotherapy.
The study aimed to assess the presence of cognitive deficits in bipolar1 patients in remission(euthymic patients) and to correlate these deficits with the recurrence and severity of the disease(illness length-number of episodes-receiving ECT).
The study is a case-control study. Involved 72 people divided into36 bipolar1 disorder(euthymic) Patients met diagnostic criteria of bipolar1 disorder in DSM-5, (at least 6 months of remission, HDRS≤8, YMRS ≤ 6), (22 male-14 female) confirmed through the Arabic version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS, 17-item), and the English version of the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) aged about 18- 55 years old who attended the psychiatry clinics of Assiut university hospitals. Compared with 36 healthy volunteers without a history of psychiatric or neurological illness. (18 male-18 female) of relatives of patients, workers, and employees of Assiut university hospitals. Assessment of cognitive function in both groups by MOCA (Montreal cognitive assessment scale).
Both groups had insignificant differences regarding baseline characteristics (age-gender-educational level-occupation-marital status)
but the patient’s group had a significantly higher frequency of) substance use disorders and positive family history (.
The present study show: Bipolar patients often suffer from “debilitating” cognitive impairment in different stages of the disease even during remission, as Bipolar1 disorder(euthymic)patients had significantly lower cognitive functions (Executive function, attention, language, abstraction, delayed recall, and orientation, and total MOCA) during remission in comparison to the control group. These mean cognitive impairments must be considered as a core feature of bipolar disorder, which finally influences remission and overall functioning.
the severity and recurrence of bipolr1 disorder (greater number of episodes- longer duration of illness- frequent hospitalization and a greater number of ECT) are significantly inversely correlated with neurocognitive function. The most cognitive domains affected (Visuospatial- Attention-memory-orientation) The least affected are (no significant correlation) (Naming- Language- Abstraction).
Demographic data (age-sex, years of education, marital state, and working) have no significant effect (no significant correlation) on cognitive function (all cognitive domains).
There are many limitations in this study related to the small number of the studied sample which because of poor follow-up of bipolar1 patients in outpatient clinics after improvement.