الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
The blood chemistry analysis is one of the preliminary indicators of human health. Any defect in the blood analysis is evidence of a defect in one of the vital organs in the human body. from this point of view, devices have been emerged to analyze blood chemistry. The blood chemistry analyzer machine was developed in 1940 using the wet chemistry process by Beckman. In 1978, the dry chemistry analyzer machine was invented by Kodak. These devices are found in the laboratories because of their large size, expensive, and need for preparations accompanying the analysis process.
The aim of this research is a further development in the perspective of size and cost as portable. The latter was the interest of this research. A prototype was invented for blood chemistry analysis. Thesis chapters illustrate the chemical reaction process, function block diagram, hardware parts, and associated software. A transfer function was generated to transfer the captured image to the concentration of the blood chemistry analyte.
The prototype tested ninety human serum and sixty standard samples, comparing them with the results of the stationary device. It is worth mentioning that the results were accurate. Furthermore, the cost was affordable by 2.5% of the stationary device cost. Its size was portable with no liquid wastes.
Abstract
Early detection of diseases reduces the cost of treatment. It is crucial to follow up and make regular blood analyses in some chronic diseases; thus, patients need to go to laboratories. The blood chemistry analyzer machine was developed in 1940 using the wet chemistry process by Beckman. In 1978, the dry chemistry analyzer machine was invented by Kodak. These devices are present in the laboratories because they are large, with an expensive cost of about $200,000 and preparations accompanying the analysis process. These devices need frequent maintenance. On the contrary, a cheap analyzer with a small size and user-friendly is needed to be next to the patient; that is the challenge.
This study aims to develop a blood chemistry analyzer device to satisfy customers’ needs. These are the cost and dynamic of services. A block diagram was drawn for the existing machine to illustrate each part. After that, a block diagram was designed based on the new prototype. A point-of-care (POC) diagnostics prototype is innovated with low-cost and easy to use, based on the Odroid and the Raspberry Pi technologies.
The prototype uses the dry-chemistry MicroSlide. This MicroSlide’s size is the same as the stamp’s size. The prototype analyzes the color changes in the MicroSlide after dropping the blood serum sample, and the chemical reaction occurred. These changes are sensitive and specific detection for measuring the proportion of different blood chemistry components like blood urea nitrogen or glucose. The prototype captured images of the MicroSlide. Then, the images were analyzed under the umbrella of MATLAB, C++, and Python programming languages. There was a relation between the concentration and the MicroSlide color changes. After that, a transformation curve was generated based on Beer-Lambert’s law. The transfer function converts the color intensity changes of the MicroSlide to the concentration of the substance in the sample. Finally, the concentration is displayed on the screen through the Qt graphical user interface. Different resolution cameras were tested to study if the quality of the resolution would influence the results.
The prototype was validated through testing using known concentration samples. The generated data were processed to calculate the system’s deviation and accuracy. The prototype provided acceptable accuracy compared to the existing devices. It is also portable at a low price.
Keywords: biomedical equipment; chemistry; clinical diagnosis; hospitals; laboratories; patient monitoring; public healthcare; telemedicine; analyzer; blood; smartphone; point-of-care diagnostics device; raspberry pi; python