الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
NIR fluorescence-assisted LC has the potential to become a standard surgical procedure. Early visualization of the cystic duct and additional imaging of the CBD may increase safety in LC and might offer an alternative to the intraoperative cholangiogram in patients with an increased risk of CBD injury. In contrast to the ease and efficiency of CD and CBD detection by fluorescent imaging in uncomplicated cases, gallbladder pathology appears to create a much more challenging and complex situation. Further research is needed to optimize techniques, dosage, timing, and patient selection in order to establish whether ICG-NIR can help prevent and manage bile duct injury, and whether there is a place for routine use of fluorescent imaging in those patients at increased risk of bile duct injury during LC.
Difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy occur in a wide spectrum due to complicated GB pathologies eg; post ERCP, pancreatitis and recurrent attacks. As a result of the mentioned before it is become a public demand to perate a safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy and avoid the bile duct injuries.
Multidisciplinary approaches were proposed for facilitation of doing safe LC , eg ; intraoperative cholangiogram and ICG fluoroscope.
Recently ; NIR fluorescence-assisted LC has the potential to become a standard surgical procedure. Early visualization of the cystic duct and additional imaging of the CBD may increase safety in LC and might offer an alternative to the intraoperative cholangiogram in patients with an increased risk of CBD injury. In addition to shortening the operative time and decrease intra operative bleeding .
Conclusion
In our study ,we found that In contrast to the ease and efficiency of CD and CBD detection by fluorescent imaging in uncomplicated cases, gallbladder pathology appears to create a much more challenging and complex situation.
We see that Further research is needed to optimize techniques, dosage, timing, and patient selection in order to establish whether ICG-NIR can help prevent and manage bile duct injury, and whether there is a place for routine use of fluorescent imaging in those patients at increased risk of bile duct injury during LC.